Test 1 · ★★ · Pressure tricks: pumps, tyres and vacuums

oi, why's me football all soft now? pumped it up in the house, now it's frosty out

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: oi, football · What happens: be, pump up · To what, where: me, football, house

This is test 1 · ★★ of lesson 16 «Pressure tricks: pumps, tyres and vacuums» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	oi	oi	X	Foreign=Yes	11 pumped	nsubj
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 why	punct
3	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	1 oi	acl:relcl
4	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 me	cop
5	me	I	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	3 why	nsubj
6	football	football	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 me	conj
7	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	5 me	conj
8	soft	soft	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 all	amod
9	now	now	ADV	PronType=Dem	11 pumped	advmod
10	?	?	PUNCT	_	11 pumped	punct
11	pumped	pump	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
12	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 pumped	obj
13	up	up	ADP	_	11 pumped	compound:prt
14	in	in	ADP	_	16 house	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 house	det
16	house	house	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 pumped	obl
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 frosty	punct
18	now	now	ADV	PronType=Dem	21 frosty	advmod
19	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	21 frosty	nsubj
20	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	21 frosty	cop
21	frosty	frosty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 pumped	advcl
22	out	out	ADP	_	21 frosty	compound:prt

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present		me				tree rules
2	pump up	past	oi	football	the house	now		vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent it=Theme in house=Destination
3	is	present	football			now	frosty property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Footballs always leak in winter

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Footballs	football	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 leak	nsubj
2	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	3 leak	advmod
3	leak	leak	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 winter	case
5	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 leak	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	leak	present	Footballs				winter	always property	vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Source

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Cold air inside pushes less, so the ball feels softer

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 air	amod
2	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 pushes	nsubj
3	inside	inside	ADV	_	2 air	advmod
4	pushes	push	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	less	less	ADV	Degree=Cmp	4 pushes	advmod
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 feels	punct
7	so	so	ADV	_	10 feels	advmod
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 ball	det
9	ball	ball	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 feels	nsubj
10	feels	feel	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 pushes	conj
11	softer	soft	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	10 feels	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	push	present	Cold air					less property	vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent
2	feel	present	the ball					soft property	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus

Option 3

The frost sucks the air out of it through the leather overnight

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 frost	det
2	frost	frost	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 sucks	nsubj
3	sucks	suck	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 air	det
5	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 sucks	obj
6	out	out	ADP	_	8 it	case
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 it	case
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 sucks	obl
9	through	through	ADP	_	11 leather	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 leather	det
11	leather	leather	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 sucks	obl
12	overnight	overnight	ADV	_	3 sucks	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	suck	present	the frost	the air		air		through the leather; overnight property	vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent air=Theme out it=Source

Option 4

The ball shrank because the leather froze

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 ball	det
2	ball	ball	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 shrank	nsubj
3	shrank	shrink	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	because	because	SCONJ	_	7 froze	mark
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 leather	det
6	leather	leather	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 froze	nsubj
7	froze	freeze	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 shrank	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	shrink	past	the ball						vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	freeze	past	the leather						vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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