Test 4 · ★ · Wind and weather

Why do pilots prefer to take off into the wind rather than with it?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: pilots · What happens: prefer, take off · To what, where: wind

This is test 4 · ★ of lesson 15 «Wind and weather» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	4 prefer	advmod
2	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 prefer	aux
3	pilots	pilot	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 prefer	nsubj
4	prefer	prefer	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 take	mark
6	take	take	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 prefer	xcomp
7	off	off	ADP	_	6 take	compound:prt
8	into	into	ADP	_	10 wind	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 wind	det
10	wind	wind	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 take	obl
11	rather	rather	ADV	ExtPos=CCONJ	6 take	advmod
12	than	than	ADP	_	11 rather	fixed
13	with	with	ADP	_	14 it	case
14	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 take	obl
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 prefer	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	prefer	present · do-support	pilots						vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme
2	take off not said to happen	to-infinitive	pilots not said here			the wind		with wind	vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

More air flows over the wings, giving more lift

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	More	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	2 air	amod
2	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 flows	nsubj
3	flows	flow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	over	over	ADP	_	6 wings	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 wings	det
6	wings	wing	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 flows	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 giving	punct
8	giving	give	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 flows	advcl
9	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	10 lift	amod
10	lift	lift	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 giving	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	flow	present	More air			the wings			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over wing=Location
2	give	gerund	More air not said here	more lift					vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lift=Theme

Option 2

The windsock at the end of the runway tells them to

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 windsock	det
2	windsock	windsock	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 tells	nsubj
3	at	at	ADP	_	5 end	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 end	det
5	end	end	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 windsock	nmod
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 runway	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 runway	det
8	runway	runway	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 end	nmod
9	tells	tell	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
10	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 tells	iobj
11	to	to	PART	_	9 tells	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	tell speech: assert	present	the windsock at the end of the runway		them = they				vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent they=Recipient

Option 3

It saves the passengers from getting dizzy as they climb

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 saves	nsubj
2	saves	save	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 passengers	det
4	passengers	passenger	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 saves	obj
5	from	from	SCONJ	_	6 getting	mark
6	getting	get	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 saves	advcl
7	dizzy	dizzy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 getting	xcomp
8	as	as	SCONJ	_	10 climb	mark
9	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 climb	nsubj
10	climb	climb	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 saves	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	save	present	It	the passengers		vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent passenger=Theme
2	get	gerund			dizzy property	vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
3	climb	present	passengers = passenger			vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

The wind cools the engines down so they work better

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 wind	det
2	wind	wind	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 cools	nsubj
3	cools	cool	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 engines	det
5	engines	engine	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 cools	obj
6	down	down	ADP	_	3 cools	compound:prt
7	so	so	ADV	_	9 work	advmod
8	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 work	nsubj
9	work	work	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 cools	advcl
10	better	well	ADV	Degree=Cmp	9 work	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cool down	present	the wind	the engines					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent engine=Patient
2	work	present	engines = engine					well property	vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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