Exam question 4 · Pressure tricks: pumps, tyres and vacuums

State the reason for which a pressure cooker is fitted with a safety valve.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · What happens: fit · To what, where: pressure cooker

This is exam question 4 of lesson 16 «Pressure tricks: pumps, tyres and vacuums» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	State	state	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 reason	det
3	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 State	appos
4	for	for	ADP	_	5 which	case
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 fitted	obl
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 cooker	det
7	pressure	pressure	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 cooker	compound
8	cooker	cooker	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 fitted	nsubj:pass
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 fitted	aux:pass
10	fitted	fit	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 reason	acl:relcl
11	with	with	ADP	_	14 valve	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 valve	det
13	safety	safety	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 valve	compound
14	valve	valve	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 fitted	obl
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 State	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fit	present · passive		a pressure cooker				for the reason; with a safety valve	vn adjust-26.9 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The valve cools the steam to below boiling

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 valve	det
2	valve	valve	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 cools	nsubj
3	cools	cool	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 steam	det
5	steam	steam	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 cools	obj
6	to	to	PART	_	7 below	mark
7	below	below	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 cools	advcl
8	boiling	boiling	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 below	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cool	present	the valve	the steam					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent steam=Patient
2	below	to-infinitive	the valve not said here	boiling					tree rules

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Excessive pressure of confined steam would constitute a hazard

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Excessive	excessive	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 pressure	amod
2	pressure	pressure	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 constitute	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 steam	case
4	confined	confine	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 steam	amod
5	steam	steam	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 pressure	nmod
6	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 constitute	aux
7	constitute	constitute	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 hazard	det
9	hazard	hazard	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 constitute	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	confine	participle			vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	constitute	would	Excessive pressure of confined steam	a hazard	vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme hazard=Pivot
3	press			confined steam	nom pressure «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient

Option 3

The valve serves solely to release the odours of the food being cooked

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 valve	det
2	valve	valve	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 serves	nsubj
3	serves	serve	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	solely	solely	ADV	_	3 serves	advmod
5	to	to	PART	_	6 release	mark
6	release	release	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 serves	xcomp
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 odours	det
8	odours	odour	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 release	obj
9	of	of	ADP	_	11 food	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 food	det
11	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 odours	nmod
12	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	13 cooked	aux:pass
13	cooked	cook	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 release	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	serve	present	the valve		solely property	tree rules
2	release	to-infinitive	the valve not said here	the odours of the food		vn free-10.6.3-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Causer odour=Source
3	cook	gerund · passive	the valve not said here			vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»

Option 4

The valve permits the food to be observed

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 valve	det
2	valve	valve	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 permits	nsubj
3	permits	permit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 food	det
5	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 permits	obj
6	to	to	PART	_	8 observed	mark
7	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	8 observed	aux:pass
8	observed	observe	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 permits	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	permit	present	the valve	the food					vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Theme
2	observe	to-infinitive · passive	the valve not said here						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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