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Test 8 · ★ · Thunder, sirens and how fast sound travels

A whip makes a sharp crack. What is happening at its tip?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: whip · What happens: make, happen · To what, where: sharp crack, tip

This is test 8 · ★ of lesson 18 «Thunder, sirens and how fast sound travels» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A whip makes a sharp crack.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 whip	det
2	whip	whip	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 makes	nsubj
3	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 crack	det
5	sharp	sharp	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 crack	amod
6	crack	crack	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 makes	obj
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 makes	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present	a whip	a sharp crack					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material crack=Product

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is happening at its tip?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 happening	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 happening	aux
3	happening	happen	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	at	at	ADP	_	6 tip	case
5	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 tip	nmod:poss
6	tip	tip	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 happening	obl
7	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 happening	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	happen	present · progressive				whip's tip			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme at tip=Location

The options

Option 1

The leather at the very end snaps in two with a crack

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 leather	det
2	leather	leather	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 snaps	nsubj
3	at	at	ADP	_	6 end	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 end	det
5	very	very	ADV	_	6 end	advmod
6	end	end	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 leather	nmod
7	snaps	snap	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	in	in	ADP	_	9 two	case
9	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 snaps	obl
10	with	with	ADP	_	12 crack	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 crack	det
12	crack	crack	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 snaps	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	snap	present	the leather at the end			two		with a crack	vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in two=Location

Option 2

The tip of the whip hits a fly that is passing by

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 tip	det
2	tip	tip	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 hits	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 whip	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 whip	det
5	whip	whip	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 tip	nmod
6	hits	hit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 fly	det
8	fly	fly	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 hits	obj
9	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 passing	nsubj
10	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 passing	aux
11	passing	pass	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	8 fly	acl:relcl
12	by	by	ADP	_	11 passing	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hit	present	the tip of the whip	a fly					vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme fly=Co-Theme
2	pass by	present · progressive	a fly						vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It moves faster than sound and makes a tiny boom

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 moves	nsubj
2	moves	move	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	faster	fast	ADV	Degree=Cmp	2 moves	advmod
4	than	than	ADP	_	5 sound	case
5	sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 faster	obl
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 makes	cc
7	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 moves	conj
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 boom	det
9	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 boom	amod
10	boom	boom	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 makes	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	move	present	It					fast property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
2	make	present		a tiny boom					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset boom=Product

Option 4

The handle makes the crack, and the tip makes nothing

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 handle	det
2	handle	handle	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 makes	nsubj
3	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 crack	det
5	crack	crack	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 makes	obj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 makes	punct
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 makes	cc
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 tip	det
9	tip	tip	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 makes	nsubj
10	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 makes	conj
11	nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	10 makes	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present	the handle	the crack					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset crack=Product
2	make	present	the tip	nothing					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset nothing=Product

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/18-thunder-sirens-and-how-fast-sound-travels/t8/