Exam question 1 · The Moon, the planets and the pull that holds them

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the condition of astronauts aboard an orbiting space station?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris, orbit, condition · To what, where: condition, astronauts

This is exam question 1 of lesson 2 «The Moon, the planets and the pull that holds them» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 condition	det
10	condition	condition	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 astronauts	case
12	astronauts	astronaut	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 condition	nmod
13	aboard	aboard	ADP	_	17 station	case
14	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 station	det
15	orbiting	orbit	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	17 station	amod
16	space	space	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 station	compound
17	station	station	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 astronauts	nmod
18	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the condition of astronauts aboard a orbiting space station	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	orbit	gerund			vn orbit-51.9.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme
4	condition		astronauts aboard a orbiting space station		nom condition «state transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

They are in continual free fall about the Earth together with the station

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 fall	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 fall	cop
3	in	in	ADP	_	6 fall	case
4	continual	continual	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 fall	amod
5	free	free	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 fall	amod
6	fall	fall	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	about	about	ADP	_	9 Earth	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 Earth	det
9	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 fall	nmod
10	together	together	ADV	_	6 fall	advmod
11	with	with	ADP	_	13 station	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 station	det
13	station	station	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 fall	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	They			continual free fall		about the Earth; with the station; together property	tree rules

Option 2

They are sustained by the pressure of the cabin air

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 sustained	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 sustained	aux:pass
3	sustained	sustain	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	6 pressure	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 pressure	det
6	pressure	pressure	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 sustained	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	10 air	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 air	det
9	cabin	cabin	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 air	compound
10	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 pressure	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sustain	present · passive	the pressure of the cabin air	They					vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent subject=Theme
2	press			the cabin air					nom pressure «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient

Option 3

They are beyond the reach of terrestrial gravitation

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 reach	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 reach	cop
3	beyond	beyond	ADP	_	5 reach	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 reach	det
5	reach	reach	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 gravitation	case
7	terrestrial	terrestrial	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 gravitation	amod
8	gravitation	gravitation	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 reach	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	They					beyond the reach; of terrestrial gravitation	tree rules

Option 4

They are repelled by the gravitation of the Sun

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 repelled	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 repelled	aux:pass
3	repelled	repel	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	6 gravitation	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 gravitation	det
6	gravitation	gravitation	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 repelled	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 Sun	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 Sun	det
9	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 gravitation	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	repel	present · passive	the gravitation of the Sun	They					vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus subject=Experiencer
2	gravitate		the Sun						nom gravitation «phenomenon intransitive»: of=agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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