Exam question 2 · The Moon, the planets and the pull that holds them

Identify the principal reason for which the Earth does not descend into the Sun.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, Earth · What happens: identify, not descend · To what, where: principal reason

This is exam question 2 of lesson 2 «The Moon, the planets and the pull that holds them» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 descend	obl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 Earth	det
8	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 descend	nsubj
9	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 descend	aux
10	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	11 descend	advmod
11	descend	descend	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 reason	acl:relcl
12	into	into	ADP	_	14 Sun.	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 Sun.	det
14	Sun.	Sunday	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason			sunday		vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	not descend	present · do-support	the Earth					for the principal reason	vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The Sun exerts a repulsive force upon the Earth

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Sun	det
2	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 exerts	nsubj
3	exerts	exert	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 force	det
5	repulsive	repulsive	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 force	amod
6	force	force	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 exerts	obj
7	upon	upon	ADP	_	9 Earth	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 Earth	det
9	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 force	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	exert	present	the Sun	a repulsive force				upon the Earth	vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent force=Theme

Option 2

The gravitation of the Sun does not extend so far

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 gravitation	det
2	gravitation	gravitation	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 extend	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 Sun	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 Sun	det
5	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 gravitation	nmod
6	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 extend	aux
7	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	8 extend	advmod
8	extend	extend	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
9	so	so	ADV	_	10 far	advmod
10	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	8 extend	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not extend	present · do-support	the gravitation of the Sun					far property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	gravitate		the Sun						nom gravitation «phenomenon intransitive»: of=agent

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Its lateral velocity continually carries it past the Sun

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	3 velocity	nmod:poss
2	lateral	lateral	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 velocity	amod
3	velocity	velocity	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 carries	nsubj
4	continually	continually	ADV	_	5 carries	advmod
5	carries	carry	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 carries	obj
7	past	past	ADP	_	9 Sun	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 Sun	det
9	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 carries	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	carry	present	Its lateral velocity	it				past the Sun; continually property	vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme

Option 4

The intervening space impedes all motion

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 space	det
2	intervening	intervening	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 space	compound
3	space	space	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 impedes	nsubj
4	impedes	impede	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	6 motion	det
6	motion	motion	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 impedes	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	impede	present	the intervening space	all motion					vn discourage-64.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer motion=Eventuality

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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