Exam question 2 · Light and shadows

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the perception of a non-luminous object?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris, perceive · To what, where: perception, non-luminous object

This is exam question 2 of lesson 20 «Light and shadows» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 perception	det
10	perception	perception	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	14 object	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 object	det
13	non-luminous	non-luminous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 object	amod
14	object	object	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 perception	nmod
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the perception of a non-luminous object	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	perceive		a non-luminous object		nom perception «cognition transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Light reflected from the object enters the eye

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 reflected	nsubj
2	reflected	reflect	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	from	from	SCONJ	_	6 enters	mark
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 object	det
5	object	object	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 enters	nsubj
6	enters	enter	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 reflected	advcl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 eye	det
8	eye	eye	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 enters	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	reflect	past	Light						vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	enter	present	the object	the eye					vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme eye=Destination

Option 2

Rays emitted by the eye travel out and strike the object

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Rays	ray	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
2	emitted	emit	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	1 Rays	acl
3	by	by	ADP	_	6 travel	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 travel	det
5	eye	eye	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 travel	compound
6	travel	travel	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 emitted	obl
7	out	out	ADV	_	6 travel	advmod
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 strike	cc
9	strike	strike	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 emitted	conj
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 object	det
11	object	object	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 strike	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	emit	participle		Rays not said here				by the eye travel	vn substance_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source
2	strike	infinitive		the object					vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent object=Patient

Option 3

The object is perceived by its warmth

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 object	det
2	object	object	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 perceived	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 perceived	aux:pass
4	perceived	perceive	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 warmth	case
6	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 warmth	nmod:poss
7	warmth	warmth	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 perceived	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	perceive	present · passive	object's warmth	the object					vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer subject=Stimulus

Option 4

The object emits light of its own

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 object	det
2	object	object	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 emits	nsubj
3	emits	emit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 emits	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 own	case
6	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 own	nmod:poss
7	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 light	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	emit	present	the object	light of object's own					vn substance_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source light=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/20-light-and-shadows/e2/