Exam question 1 · Light and shadows

Identify the principal reason for which an opaque body casts a shadow.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, opaque body · What happens: identify, cast · To what, where: principal reason, shadow

This is exam question 1 of lesson 20 «Light and shadows» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 casts	obl
7	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 body	det
8	opaque	opaque	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 body	amod
9	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 casts	nsubj
10	casts	cast	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 reason	acl
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 shadow	det
12	shadow	shadow	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 casts	obj
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	cast	present	a opaque body	a shadow				for the principal reason	vn build-26.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent shadow=Product for which=Beneficiary

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The body absorbs all heat from its surroundings

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 body	det
2	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 absorbs	nsubj
3	absorbs	absorb	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	5 heat	det
5	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 absorbs	obj
6	from	from	ADP	_	8 surroundings	case
7	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 surroundings	nmod:poss
8	surroundings	surroundings	NOUN	Number=Ptan	3 absorbs	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	absorb	present	the body	all heat		body's surroundings			vn absorb-39.8 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Goal heat=Theme from surroundings=Source

Option 2

Light curves around the body

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 curves	nsubj
2	curves	curve	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	around	around	ADP	_	5 body	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 body	det
5	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 curves	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	curve	present	Light			the body			vn knead-26.5 «NP.material V PP.product»: agent=Material

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Light is propagated in straight lines and is obstructed by the body

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 propagated	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 propagated	aux:pass
3	propagated	propagate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 lines	case
5	straight	straight	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 lines	amod
6	lines	line	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 propagated	obl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 obstructed	cc
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 obstructed	aux:pass
9	obstructed	obstruct	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 propagated	conj
10	by	by	ADP	_	12 body	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 body	det
12	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 obstructed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	propagate	present · passive		Light		straight lines			vn entity_specific_modes_being-47.2 «NP.location V NP»: subject=Theme
2	obstruct	present · passive	the body						vn discourage-64.5-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Causer

Option 4

The body emits darkness in the opposite direction

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 body	det
2	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 emits	nsubj
3	emits	emit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	darkness	darkness	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 emits	obj
5	in	in	ADP	_	8 direction	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 direction	det
7	opposite	opposite	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 direction	amod
8	direction	direction	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 emits	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	emit	present	the body	darkness		the opposite direction			vn substance_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source darkness=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/20-light-and-shadows/e1/