Test 10 · Light and shadows

Why do we usually see an object best when a lamp is behind us shining onto it?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: we, lamp · What happens: see, shine · To what, where: object

This is test 10 of lesson 20 «Light and shadows» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	5 see	advmod
2	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 see	aux
3	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	5 see	nsubj
4	usually	usually	ADV	_	5 see	advmod
5	see	see	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 object	det
7	object	object	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 see	obj
8	best	well	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 object	advmod
9	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	15 shining	advmod
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 lamp	det
11	lamp	lamp	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 shining	nsubj
12	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 shining	aux
13	behind	behind	ADP	_	15 shining	mark
14	us	we	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	15 shining	nsubj
15	shining	shine	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 see	advcl
16	onto	onto	ADP	_	17 it	case
17	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 shining	obl
18	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 see	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	see	present · do-support	we	a object				usually property	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer object=Stimulus
2	shine	present · progressive	a lamp			object			vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

The light pushes the object a little nearer to us

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 light	det
2	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 pushes	nsubj
3	pushes	push	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 object	det
5	object	object	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 pushes	obj
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 little	det
7	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 nearer	obl
8	nearer	near	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	3 pushes	advcl
9	to	to	ADP	_	10 us	case
10	us	we	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	3 pushes	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	push	present	the light	the object	us				vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent object=Theme to we=Trajectory

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

More light bounces off it into our eyes

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	More	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	2 light	amod
2	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 bounces	nsubj
3	bounces	bounce	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	off	off	ADP	_	5 it	case
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 bounces	obl
6	into	into	ADP	_	8 eyes	case
7	our	our	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 eyes	nmod:poss
8	eyes	eye	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 bounces	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bounce off	present	More light	it		our eyes			vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent it=Theme into eye=Trajectory

Option 3

The lamp heats it up so that it glows by itself

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 lamp	det
2	lamp	lamp	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 heats	nsubj
3	heats	heat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 heats	obj
5	up	up	ADP	_	3 heats	compound:prt
6	so	so	SCONJ	ExtPos=SCONJ	9 glows	mark
7	that	that	SCONJ	_	6 so	fixed
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 glows	nsubj
9	glows	glow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 heats	advcl
10	by	by	ADP	_	11 itself	case
11	itself	itself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	9 glows	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	heat up	present	the lamp	it					vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient
2	glow	present	lamp					by lamp	vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by itself=Location

Option 4

The lamp makes the pupils of our eyes much bigger

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 lamp	det
2	lamp	lamp	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 makes	nsubj
3	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 pupils	det
5	pupils	pupil	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 makes	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 eyes	case
7	our	our	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 eyes	nmod:poss
8	eyes	eye	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 pupils	nmod
9	much	much	ADV	_	10 bigger	advmod
10	bigger	big	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	3 makes	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present	the lamp	the pupils of our eyes				big property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset pupil=Product

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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