Exam question 2 · Lenses and eyes

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the hazard of observing the Sun directly?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: hazard · What happens: follow, characteris, observe · To what, where: hazard, Sun

This is exam question 2 of lesson 22 «Lenses and eyes» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 hazard	det
10	hazard	hazard	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	SCONJ	_	12 observing	mark
12	observing	observe	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 hazard	acl
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 Sun	det
14	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 observing	obj
15	directly	directly	ADV	_	12 observing	advmod
16	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the hazard	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	observe	gerund	the hazard not said here	the Sun	directly property	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent sun=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Ordinary sunglasses afford complete protection

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ordinary	ordinary	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 sunglasses	amod
2	sunglasses	sunglasses	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 afford	nsubj
3	afford	afford	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	complete	complete	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 protection	amod
5	protection	protection	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 afford	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	afford	infinitive	Ordinary sunglasses	complete protection					tree rules

Option 2

No injury can result from brief observation

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	DET	PronType=Neg	2 injury	det
2	injury	injury	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 result	nsubj
3	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 result	aux
4	result	result	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	from	from	ADP	_	7 observation	case
6	brief	brief	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 observation	amod
7	observation	observation	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 result	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	result	can	no injury			brief observation			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

The retina may be permanently injured without any sensation of pain

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 retina	det
2	retina	retina	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 injured	nsubj:pass
3	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 injured	aux
4	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	6 injured	aux:pass
5	permanently	permanently	ADV	_	6 injured	advmod
6	injured	injure	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	without	without	ADP	_	9 sensation	case
8	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	9 sensation	det
9	sensation	sensation	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 injured	obl
10	of	of	ADP	_	11 pain	case
11	pain	pain	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 sensation	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	injure	may · passive		the retina				without any sensation of pain; permanently property	tree rules
2	sense			pain					nom sensation «cognition transitive»: of=patient

Option 4

The injury is invariably accompanied by intense pain

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 injury	det
2	injury	injury	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 accompanied	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 accompanied	aux:pass
4	invariably	invariably	ADV	_	5 accompanied	advmod
5	accompanied	accompany	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	by	by	ADP	_	8 pain	case
7	intense	intense	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 pain	amod
8	pain	pain	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 accompanied	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	accompany	present · passive	intense pain	the injury				invariably property	vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/22-lenses-and-eyes/e2/