Exam question 3 · Lenses and eyes
It is given that a pinhole camera forms an image. Determine the orientation of the image so formed.
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: pinhole camera, you, orientation · What happens: give, form, determine · To what, where: It, image
This is exam question 3 of lesson 22 «Lenses and eyes» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: It is given that a pinhole camera forms an image.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 given | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 given | aux:pass |
| 3 | given | give | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 8 forms | mark |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 camera | det |
| 6 | pinhole | pinhole | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 camera | compound |
| 7 | camera | camera | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 forms | nsubj |
| 8 | forms | form | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 given | advcl |
| 9 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 image | det |
| 10 | image | image | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 forms | obj |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 given | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | give | present · passive | It | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 2 | form | present | a pinhole camera | a image | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location image=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Determine the orientation of the image so formed.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Determine | determine | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 orientation | det |
| 3 | orientation | orientation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 formed | nsubj |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 image | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 image | det |
| 6 | image | image | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 orientation | nmod |
| 7 | so | so | ADV | _ | 8 formed | advmod |
| 8 | formed | form | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 1 Determine | ccomp |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Determine | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | determine | imperative | you not said here | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 2 | form | past | the orientation of the image | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
Inverted
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Inverted | invert | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | invert | participle | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent |
Option 2
Rotated through a quarter turn
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Rotated | rotate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 2 | through | through | ADP | _ | 5 turn | case |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 turn | det |
| 4 | quarter | quarter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 turn | compound |
| 5 | turn | turn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Rotated | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | rotate | participle | a quarter turn | vn coil-9.6 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through turn=Destination |
Option 3
Upright
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Upright | upright | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 4
Reversed in colour only
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Reversed | reverse | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 2 | in | in | ADP | _ | 3 colour | case |
| 3 | colour | colour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Reversed | obl |
| 4 | only | only | ADV | _ | 1 Reversed | advmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | reverse | participle | colour | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/22-lenses-and-eyes/e3/