Exam question 4 · Lenses and eyes

Ascertain the nature of the apparent sheet of water observed upon a heated road surface.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you · What happens: ascertain, observe, heat · To what, where: nature, apparent sheet

This is exam question 4 of lesson 22 «Lenses and eyes» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 nature	det
3	nature	nature	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ascertain	obj
4	of	of	ADP	_	7 sheet	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 sheet	det
6	apparent	apparent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 sheet	amod
7	sheet	sheet	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 nature	nmod
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 water	case
9	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 sheet	nmod
10	observed	observe	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 sheet	acl
11	upon	upon	ADP	_	15 surface	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 surface	det
13	heated	heat	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	15 surface	amod
14	road	road	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 surface	compound
15	surface	surface	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 observed	obl
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here	the nature of the apparent sheet of water		vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nature=Topic
2	observe	participle		the apparent sheet of water not said here	upon a heated road surface	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
3	heat	participle				vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Light from the sky refracted by heated air adjacent to the road

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	from	from	ADP	_	4 sky	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 sky	det
4	sky	sky	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Light	nmod
5	refracted	refract	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	1 Light	acl
6	by	by	ADP	_	8 air	case
7	heated	heat	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 air	amod
8	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 refracted	obl
9	adjacent	adjacent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 air	amod
10	to	to	ADP	_	12 road	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 road	det
12	road	road	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 adjacent	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	refract	participle		Light from the sky not said here				by heated air	vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent
2	heat	participle							vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 2

Vapour emitted by the road surface

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Vapour	vapour	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	emitted	emit	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	1 Vapour	acl
3	by	by	ADP	_	6 surface	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 surface	det
5	road	road	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 surface	compound
6	surface	surface	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 emitted	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	emit	participle		Vapour not said here				by the road surface	vn substance_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source

Option 3

Water deposited by passing vehicles

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	deposited	deposit	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	1 Water	acl
3	by	by	ADP	_	5 vehicles	case
4	passing	pass	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 vehicles	amod
5	vehicles	vehicle	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 deposited	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	deposit	participle		Water not said here				by passing vehicles	vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent by vehicle=Destination
2	pass	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

A reflection of the observer's own shadow

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 reflection	det
2	reflection	reflection	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	8 shadow	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 observer	det
5	observer	observer	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 shadow	nmod:poss
6	's	's	PART	_	5 observer	case
7	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 shadow	amod
8	shadow	shadow	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 reflection	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	shadow		the observer						nom shadow «state transitive»: poss=agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/22-lenses-and-eyes/e4/