Test 10 · ★★★ · Keeping warm and keeping cool: insulation and sweat

A runner on a humid, still day overheats far more than on a dry, breezy day at the same temperature. Why?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: runner · What happens: overheat · To what, where: more

This is test 10 · ★★★ of lesson 25 «Keeping warm and keeping cool: insulation and sweat» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A runner on a humid, still day overheats far more than on a dry, breezy day at the same temperature.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 runner	det
2	runner	runner	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 overheats	nsubj
3	on	on	ADP	_	5 humid	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 humid	det
5	humid	humid	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 runner	nmod
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 overheats	punct
7	still	still	ADV	_	9 overheats	advmod
8	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 overheats	nsubj
9	overheats	overheat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
10	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	11 more	advmod
11	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	9 overheats	obj
12	than	than	ADP	_	18 day	case
13	on	on	ADP	_	18 day	case
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	18 day	det
15	dry	dry	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 day	amod
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 dry	punct
17	breezy	breezy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 day	amod
18	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 more	obl
19	at	at	ADP	_	22 temperature	case
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 temperature	det
21	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	22 temperature	amod
22	temperature	temperature	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 day	nmod
23	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 overheats	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	overheat	present	a runner on a humid	more			still		vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent more=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Why?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	root	root
2	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 Why	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Breezes make the Sun's rays much weaker, so they heat her less

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Breezes	breeze	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 make	nsubj
2	make	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 Sun	det
4	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 rays	nmod:poss
5	's	's	PART	_	4 Sun	case
6	rays	ray	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 make	obj
7	much	much	ADV	_	8 weaker	advmod
8	weaker	weak	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	2 make	xcomp
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 heat	punct
10	so	so	ADV	_	12 heat	advmod
11	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 heat	nsubj
12	heat	heat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 make	conj
13	her	she	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 heat	obj
14	less	less	ADV	Degree=Cmp	12 heat	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	make	present	Breezes	the Sun's rays	weak property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset ray=Product
2	heat	present	Breezes = breeze	her = she	less property	vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent she=Patient
3	ray		the Sun			nom ray «phenomenon transitive»: poss=agent

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Sweat dries badly in humid, still air, so it cools her less

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sweat	sweat	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 dries	nsubj
2	dries	dry	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	badly	badly	ADV	Degree=Pos	2 dries	advmod
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 humid	case
5	humid	humid	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 dries	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 air	punct
7	still	still	ADV	_	8 air	advmod
8	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 dries	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 cools	punct
10	so	so	ADV	_	12 cools	advmod
11	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 cools	nsubj
12	cools	cool	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 dries	conj
13	her	she	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 cools	obj
14	less	less	ADV	Degree=Cmp	12 cools	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	dry	present	Sweat	air		humid		badly property	vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	cool	present	Sweat	her = she				less property	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent she=Patient

Option 3

Humid air is always hotter

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Humid	humid	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 air	amod
2	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 hotter	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 hotter	cop
4	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	5 hotter	advmod
5	hotter	hot	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Humid air					always, hot property	tree rules

Option 4

Dry air makes runners slower

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Dry	dry	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 air	amod
2	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 makes	nsubj
3	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	runners	runner	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 makes	obj
5	slower	slow	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	3 makes	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present	Dry air	runners				slow property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset runner=Product

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/25-keeping-warm-and-keeping-cool/t10/