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Test 8 · Batteries, circuits and how electricity flows

Jake sees wires on pylons high above the field. Why are they so high up?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Jake, wires · What happens: see, be · To what, where: wires, pylons

This is test 8 of lesson 27 «Batteries, circuits and how electricity flows» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Jake sees wires on pylons high above the field.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Jake	Jake	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 sees	nsubj
2	sees	see	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	wires	wire	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 sees	obj
4	on	on	ADP	_	5 pylons	case
5	pylons	pylon	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 wires	nmod
6	high	high	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 wires	amod
7	above	above	ADP	_	9 field	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 field	det
9	field	field	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 high	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 sees	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	see	present	Jake	wires		pylons			vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer wire=Stimulus

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Why are they so high up?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	6 up	advmod
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 up	cop
3	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 up	nsubj
4	so	so	ADV	_	6 up	advmod
5	high	high	ADV	Degree=Pos	6 up	advmod
6	up	up	ADV	_	root	root
7	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 up	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	wires = wire					high, up property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

Birds would eat the wires if they were lower

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 eat	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 eat	aux
3	eat	eat	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 wires	det
5	wires	wire	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 eat	obj
6	if	if	SCONJ	_	9 lower	mark
7	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 lower	nsubj
8	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 lower	cop
9	lower	low	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	3 eat	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	eat	would	Birds	the wires					vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wire=Patient
2	is a condition, not said to happen	past	Birds = bird					low property	tree rules

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

Electricity flows better near the clouds

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Electricity	electricity	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 flows	nsubj
2	flows	flow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	better	well	ADV	Degree=Cmp	2 flows	advmod
4	near	near	ADP	_	6 clouds	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 clouds	det
6	clouds	cloud	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 flows	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	flow	present	Electricity			the clouds		well property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme near cloud=Location

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

They carry very high voltage, so they are kept far from people

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 carry	nsubj
2	carry	carry	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	very	very	ADV	_	4 high	advmod
4	high	high	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 voltage	amod
5	voltage	voltage	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 carry	obj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 kept	punct
7	so	so	ADV	_	10 kept	advmod
8	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 kept	nsubj:pass
9	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 kept	aux:pass
10	kept	keep	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 carry	parataxis
11	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	10 kept	advmod
12	from	from	ADP	_	13 people	case
13	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 kept	obl:agent

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	carry	present	They	high voltage					vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent voltage=Theme
2	keep	present · passive	people	they				far property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme

Option 4

It makes the electricity arrive faster

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 makes	nsubj
2	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 electricity	det
4	electricity	electricity	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 makes	obj
5	arrive	arrive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 makes	xcomp
6	faster	fast	ADV	Degree=Cmp	5 arrive	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present	It	the electricity					tree rules
2	arrive	present	the electricity not said here					fast property	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/27-batteries-circuits-and-how-electricity-flows/t8/