Test 10 · ★ · Parachutes, skydivers and falling safely

Without a parachute, why would a dandelion seed not travel far?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: dandelion seed · What happens: not travel

This is test 10 · ★ of lesson 3 «Parachutes, skydivers and falling safely» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Without	without	ADP	_	3 parachute	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 parachute	det
3	parachute	parachute	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 travel	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 parachute	punct
5	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	11 travel	advmod
6	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	11 travel	aux
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 seed	det
8	dandelion	dandelion	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 seed	compound
9	seed	seed	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 travel	nsubj
10	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	11 travel	advmod
11	travel	travel	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
12	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	11 travel	advmod
13	?	?	PUNCT	_	11 travel	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not travel	would	a dandelion seed					without a parachute; far property	vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It would fly too high up to land anywhere

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 fly	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 fly	aux
3	fly	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	too	too	ADV	_	5 high	advmod
5	high	high	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 fly	xcomp
6	up	up	ADP	_	8 land	mark
7	to	to	PART	_	8 land	mark
8	land	land	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 fly	advcl
9	anywhere	anywhere	ADV	PronType=Ind	8 land	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fly	would	It					high property	vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	land	to-infinitive						anywhere property	vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It would fall quickly near its parent

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 fall	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 fall	aux
3	fall	fall	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	quickly	quickly	ADV	_	3 fall	advmod
5	near	near	ADP	_	7 parent	case
6	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 parent	nmod:poss
7	parent	parent	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 fall	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fall	would	It					near its parent; quickly property	vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme near parent=Location

Option 3

It would start to grow while still in the air

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 start	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 start	aux
3	start	start	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 grow	mark
5	grow	grow	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 start	xcomp
6	while	while	SCONJ	_	7 still	mark
7	still	still	ADV	_	5 grow	advmod
8	in	in	ADP	_	10 air	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 air	det
10	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 grow	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	start	would	It						vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality
2	grow	to-infinitive				the air	still		vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in air=Location

Option 4

It would be much too heavy for the wind

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 heavy	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 heavy	aux
3	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	6 heavy	cop
4	much	much	ADV	_	6 heavy	advmod
5	too	too	ADV	_	6 heavy	advmod
6	heavy	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
7	for	for	ADP	_	9 wind	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 wind	det
9	wind	wind	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 heavy	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	would	It					for the wind; heavy property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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