Test 11 · ★ · Parachutes, skydivers and falling safely

Mate reckons a parachute works cos the cloth is lighter than air. right?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: Mate, parachute, cloth · What happens: reckon, work, be

This is test 11 · ★ of lesson 3 «Parachutes, skydivers and falling safely» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Mate	mate	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 reckons	nsubj
2	reckons	reckon	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 parachute	det
4	parachute	parachute	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 works	nsubj
5	works	work	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 reckons	ccomp
6	cos	cos	SCONJ	_	10 lighter	mark
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 cloth	det
8	cloth	cloth	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 lighter	nsubj
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 lighter	cop
10	lighter	light	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	5 works	advcl
11	than	than	ADP	_	12 air	case
12	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 lighter	obl
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 reckons	punct
14	right	right	INTJ	_	2 reckons	discourse
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 reckons	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	reckon	present	Mate		vn consider-29.9-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	work	present	a parachute		vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	is	present	the cloth	than air; light property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

No, it works because air pushes on the big cloth

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	4 works	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 works	punct
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 works	nsubj
4	works	work	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	because	because	SCONJ	_	7 pushes	mark
6	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 pushes	nsubj
7	pushes	push	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 works	advcl
8	on	on	ADP	_	11 cloth	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 cloth	det
10	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 cloth	amod
11	cloth	cloth	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 pushes	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	work	present	it						vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	push	present	air					on the big cloth	vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent on cloth=Theme

Option 2

Yes, parachute cloth floats up

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	5 floats	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	parachute	parachute	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 cloth	compound
4	cloth	cloth	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 floats	nsubj
5	floats	float	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	up	up	ADP	_	5 floats	compound:prt

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	float up	present	parachute cloth						vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3

No, it works because the cloth is heavy and steadies you

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	4 works	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 works	punct
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 works	nsubj
4	works	work	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	because	because	SCONJ	_	9 heavy	mark
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 cloth	det
7	cloth	cloth	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 heavy	nsubj
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 heavy	cop
9	heavy	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 works	advcl
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 steadies	cc
11	steadies	steady	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 works	conj
12	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	11 steadies	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	work	present	it			vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	is	present	the cloth		heavy property	tree rules
3	steady	present		you		vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent you=Patient

Option 4

Yes, it is filled with light gas

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	5 filled	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 filled	nsubj:pass
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 filled	aux:pass
5	filled	fill	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	with	with	ADP	_	8 gas	case
7	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 gas	compound
8	gas	gas	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 filled	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fill	present · passive		it				with light gas	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: subject=Patient with gas=Instrument

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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