Test 8 · ★ · Parachutes, skydivers and falling safely

Why does hail dent cars but snow does not?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: hail, snow · What happens: dent, not do · To what, where: cars

This is test 8 · ★ of lesson 3 «Parachutes, skydivers and falling safely» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	4 dent	advmod
2	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 dent	aux
3	hail	hail	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 dent	nsubj
4	dent	dent	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	cars	car	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 dent	obj
6	but	but	CCONJ	_	8 does	cc
7	snow	snow	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 does	nsubj
8	does	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 dent	conj
9	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	8 does	advmod
10	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 dent	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	dent	present · do-support	hail	cars					vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent car=Patient
2	not do	present	snow						vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Snow is warmer than hail

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Snow	snow	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 warmer	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 warmer	cop
3	warmer	warm	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
4	than	than	ADP	_	5 hail	case
5	hail	hail	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 warmer	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Snow					than hail; warm property	tree rules

Option 2

Hail is pulled much harder by gravity than snow

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Hail	hail	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 pulled	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 pulled	aux:pass
3	pulled	pull	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	much	much	ADV	_	5 harder	advmod
5	harder	hard	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	3 pulled	xcomp
6	by	by	ADP	_	7 gravity	case
7	gravity	gravity	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 pulled	obl:agent
8	than	than	ADP	_	9 snow	case
9	snow	snow	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 pulled	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pull	present · passive	gravity	Hail				than snow; hard property	vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme

Option 3

Snow is always wet and soft

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Snow	snow	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 wet	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 wet	cop
3	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	4 wet	advmod
4	wet	wet	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 soft	cc
6	soft	soft	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 wet	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Snow					always, wet property	tree rules
2	be		Snow not said here						tree rules

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Hailstones are solid ice and fall much faster

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Hailstones	hailstone	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 ice	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 ice	cop
3	solid	solid	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 ice	amod
4	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 fall	cc
6	fall	fall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 ice	conj
7	much	much	ADV	_	8 faster	advmod
8	faster	fast	ADV	Degree=Cmp	6 fall	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Hailstones	solid ice					tree rules
2	fall	present	Hailstones not said here					fast property	vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/3-parachutes-and-falling-safely/t8/