Test 7 · ★ · Parachutes, skydivers and falling safely
Your helmet fell off the table and has a tiny scratch. When must a helmet be replaced?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: helmet · What happens: fall off, have, replace · To what, where: table, tiny scratch, helmet
This is test 7 · ★ of lesson 3 «Parachutes, skydivers and falling safely» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: Your helmet fell off the table and has a tiny scratch.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 2 helmet | nmod:poss |
| 2 | helmet | helmet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 fell | nsubj |
| 3 | fell | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | off | off | ADP | _ | 6 table | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 table | det |
| 6 | table | table | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 fell | obl |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 has | cc |
| 8 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 fell | conj |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 scratch | det |
| 10 | tiny | tiny | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 scratch | amod |
| 11 | scratch | scratch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 has | obj |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 fell | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fall off | past | Your helmet | the table | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V NP.extent PP.source PP.goal»: agent=Patient table=Extent | ||||
| 2 | have | present | Your helmet not said here | a tiny scratch | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent scratch=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: When must a helmet be replaced?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 6 replaced | advmod |
| 2 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 6 replaced | aux |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 helmet | det |
| 4 | helmet | helmet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 replaced | nsubj:pass |
| 5 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 6 replaced | aux:pass |
| 6 | replaced | replace | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 7 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 6 replaced | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | replace | must · passive | a helmet | vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Co-Theme |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
Never, because good helmets last for ever
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 6 last | advmod |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 last | punct |
| 3 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 6 last | mark |
| 4 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 helmets | amod |
| 5 | helmets | helmet | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 last | nsubj |
| 6 | last | last | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | for | for | ADP | _ | 8 ever | case |
| 8 | ever | ever | ADV | PronType=Ind | 6 last | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not last | present | good helmets | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme |
Option 2 · ✓ the right answer
After a big knock that crushes the foam
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | After | after | ADP | _ | 4 knock | case |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 knock | det |
| 3 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 knock | amod |
| 4 | knock | knock | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 5 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 6 crushes | nsubj |
| 6 | crushes | crush | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 knock | acl:relcl |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 foam | det |
| 8 | foam | foam | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 crushes | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | crush | present | a big knock | the foam | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent foam=Patient |
Option 3
Every month, no matter what has happened
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 2 month | det |
| 2 | month | month | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 matter | punct |
| 4 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 5 matter | det |
| 5 | matter | matter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 month | appos |
| 6 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 8 happened | nsubj |
| 7 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 happened | aux |
| 8 | happened | happen | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 5 matter | acl:relcl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | happen | present · perfect | no matter | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
Option 4
After every single small scratch or mark
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | After | after | ADP | _ | 5 scratch | case |
| 2 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 5 scratch | det |
| 3 | single | single | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 scratch | amod |
| 4 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 scratch | amod |
| 5 | scratch | scratch | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 7 mark | cc |
| 7 | mark | mark | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 scratch | conj |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/3-parachutes-and-falling-safely/t7/