Exam question 2 · Energy: what makes things happen

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the conservation of energy?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris, conserve · To what, where: conservation, energy

This is exam question 2 of lesson 31 «Energy: what makes things happen» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 conservation	det
10	conservation	conservation	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 energy	case
12	energy	energy	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 conservation	nmod
13	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the conservation of energy	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	conserve		energy		nom conservation «event transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Energy may change its form, but its total quantity remains constant

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Energy	energy	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 change	nsubj
2	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 change	aux
3	change	change	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 form	nmod:poss
5	form	form	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 change	obj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 remains	punct
7	but	but	CCONJ	_	11 remains	cc
8	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 quantity	nmod:poss
9	total	total	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 quantity	amod
10	quantity	quantity	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 remains	nsubj
11	remains	remain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 change	parataxis
12	constant	constant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 remains	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	change	may	Energy	Energy's form		vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent form=Patient
2	remain	present	Energy's total quantity		constant property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	form		Energy			nom form «communication transitive»: poss=agent

Option 2

Energy is lost entirely when a device ceases operation

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Energy	energy	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 lost	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 lost	aux:pass
3	lost	lose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	entirely	entirely	ADV	_	3 lost	advmod
5	when	when	SCONJ	_	8 ceases	mark
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 device	det
7	device	device	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 ceases	nsubj
8	ceases	cease	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 lost	advcl
9	operation	operation	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 ceases	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lose	present · passive		Energy				entirely property	vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality
2	cease	present	a device	operation					vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality operation=Eventuality

Option 3

Energy is created anew whenever an object moves

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Energy	energy	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 created	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 created	aux:pass
3	created	create	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	anew	anew	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 created	xcomp
5	whenever	whenever	SCONJ	_	8 moves	mark
6	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 object	det
7	object	object	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 moves	nsubj
8	moves	move	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 created	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	create	present · passive		Energy				anew property	vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Result
2	move	present	a object						vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

Energy is consumed and destroyed by every machine

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Energy	energy	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 consumed	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 consumed	aux:pass
3	consumed	consume	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 destroyed	cc
5	destroyed	destroy	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 consumed	conj
6	by	by	ADP	_	8 machine	case
7	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	8 machine	det
8	machine	machine	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 consumed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	consume	present · passive	every machine	Energy					vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Asset
2	destroy	participle	every machine not said here						vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/31-energy-what-makes-things-happen/e2/