Exam question 3 · Energy: what makes things happen
Ascertain the reason for which a bouncing ball attains a diminished height upon each successive rebound.
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, bouncing ball · What happens: ascertain, bounce, attain, diminish · To what, where: reason, diminished height
This is exam question 3 of lesson 31 «Energy: what makes things happen» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ascertain | ascertain | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 reason | det |
| 3 | reason | reason | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Ascertain | obj |
| 4 | for | for | ADP | _ | 5 which | case |
| 5 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 9 attains | obl |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 ball | det |
| 7 | bouncing | bounce | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 8 ball | amod |
| 8 | ball | ball | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 attains | nsubj |
| 9 | attains | attain | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 reason | acl |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 height | det |
| 11 | diminished | diminish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 height | amod |
| 12 | height | height | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 attains | obj |
| 13 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 16 rebound | case |
| 14 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 16 rebound | det |
| 15 | successive | successive | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 rebound | amod |
| 16 | rebound | rebound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 attains | obl |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Ascertain | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ascertain | imperative | you not said here | the reason | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Topic | ||||
| 2 | bounce | gerund | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 3 | attain | present | a bouncing ball | a diminished height | for the reason; upon each successive rebound | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent height=Theme for which=Beneficiary | |||
| 4 | diminish | participle | vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
The air within the ball is extracted by the floor
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 air | det |
| 2 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 extracted | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | within | within | ADP | _ | 5 ball | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 ball | det |
| 5 | ball | ball | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 air | nmod |
| 6 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 extracted | aux:pass |
| 7 | extracted | extract | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 8 | by | by | ADP | _ | 10 floor | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 floor | det |
| 10 | floor | floor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 extracted | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | extract | present · passive | the floor | the air within the ball | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |
Option 2 · ✓ the right answer
A portion of its energy is converted into heat and sound upon impact
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 portion | det |
| 2 | portion | portion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 converted | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 energy | case |
| 4 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 5 energy | nmod:poss |
| 5 | energy | energy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 portion | nmod |
| 6 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 converted | aux:pass |
| 7 | converted | convert | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 8 | into | into | ADP | _ | 9 heat | case |
| 9 | heat | heat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 converted | obl |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 sound | cc |
| 11 | sound | sound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 heat | conj |
| 12 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 13 impact | case |
| 13 | impact | impact | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 sound | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | convert | present · passive | a portion of portion's energy | into heat and sound upon impact result | vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP V NP.patient PP.result»: subject=Patient into heat=Result |
Option 3
The gravitational force increases after each impact
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 force | det |
| 2 | gravitational | gravitational | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 force | amod |
| 3 | force | force | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 increases | nsubj |
| 4 | increases | increase | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | after | after | ADP | _ | 7 impact | case |
| 6 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 7 impact | det |
| 7 | impact | impact | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 increases | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | increase | present | the gravitational force | after each impact | vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
Option 4
The mass of the ball increases upon contact with the floor
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 mass | det |
| 2 | mass | mass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 increases | nsubj |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 ball | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 ball | det |
| 5 | ball | ball | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 mass | nmod |
| 6 | increases | increase | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 8 contact | case |
| 8 | contact | contact | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 increases | obl |
| 9 | with | with | ADP | _ | 11 floor | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 floor | det |
| 11 | floor | floor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 contact | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | increase | present | the mass of the ball | upon contact with the floor | vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/31-energy-what-makes-things-happen/e3/