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Test 4 · Energy: what makes things happen

In a cartoon, a ball bounces forever just as high each time. What's wrong?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: ball · What happens: bounce, be · To what, where: cartoon

This is test 4 of lesson 31 «Energy: what makes things happen» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In a cartoon, a ball bounces forever just as high each time.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 cartoon	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 cartoon	det
3	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 bounces	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 cartoon	punct
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 ball	det
6	ball	ball	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 bounces	nsubj
7	bounces	bounce	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	forever	forever	ADV	_	7 bounces	advmod
9	just	just	ADV	_	11 high	advmod
10	as	as	ADV	_	11 high	advmod
11	high	high	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 bounces	advcl
12	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	13 time	det
13	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 high	obl:unmarked
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 bounces	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bounce	present	a ball			a cartoon		forever property	vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in cartoon=Trajectory

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What's wrong?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 wrong	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 wrong	cop
3	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 wrong	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						wrong property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

A real ball loses some energy as heat and sound each bounce

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 ball	det
2	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 ball	amod
3	ball	ball	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 loses	nsubj
4	loses	lose	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	6 energy	det
6	energy	energy	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 loses	obj
7	as	as	ADP	_	8 heat	case
8	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 loses	obl
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 sound	cc
10	sound	sound	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 loses	conj
11	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	12 bounce	det
12	bounce	bounce	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 sound	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lose	present	a real ball	some energy				as heat	vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent energy=Eventuality
2	sound	present	a real ball not said here	each bounce					vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location bounce=Theme

Option 2

Balls should stop after exactly one bounce

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Balls	ball	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 stop	nsubj
2	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 stop	aux
3	stop	stop	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	after	after	ADP	_	7 bounce	case
5	exactly	exactly	ADV	_	6 one	advmod
6	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 bounce	nummod
7	bounce	bounce	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 stop	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stop	should	Balls				after one bounce		vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality

Option 3

Nothing, balls bounce forever

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	3 balls	compound
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Nothing	punct
3	balls	ball	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 bounce	nsubj
4	bounce	bounce	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	forever	forever	ADV	_	4 bounce	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bounce	present	Nothing balls					forever property	vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

Balls should bounce higher each time

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Balls	ball	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 bounce	nsubj
2	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 bounce	aux
3	bounce	bounce	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	higher	high	ADV	Degree=Cmp	3 bounce	advmod
5	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	6 time	det
6	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 bounce	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bounce	should	Balls				time	high property	vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/31-energy-what-makes-things-happen/t4/