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Test 8 · Energy: what makes things happen

Coal, oil and gas are sometimes called "stored sunshine". Why?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · What happens: call, store · To what, where: Coal · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 8 of lesson 31 «Energy: what makes things happen» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Coal, oil and gas are sometimes called "stored sunshine".

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Coal	coal	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 called	nsubj:pass
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 oil	punct
3	oil	oil	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Coal	conj
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 gas	cc
5	gas	gas	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Coal	conj
6	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 called	aux:pass
7	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	PronType=Ind	8 called	advmod
8	called	call	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
9	"	"	PUNCT	_	11 sunshine	punct
10	stored	store	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 sunshine	amod
11	sunshine	sunshine	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 called	xcomp
12	"	"	PUNCT	_	11 sunshine	punct
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 called	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	call speech: assert	present · passive		Coal and oil and gas				sometimes property	vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
2	store in a quote	participle							vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Why?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	root	root
2	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 Why	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

They are only dug up in sunny countries

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 dug	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 dug	aux:pass
3	only	only	ADV	_	4 dug	advmod
4	dug	dig	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	up	up	ADP	_	4 dug	compound:prt
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 countries	case
7	sunny	sunny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 countries	amod
8	countries	country	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 dug	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	dig up	present · passive		They		sunny countries			vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Theme in country=Location

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

They formed from living things that caught sunlight long ago

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 formed	nsubj
2	formed	form	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	5 things	case
4	living	living	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 things	amod
5	things	thing	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 formed	obl
6	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 caught	nsubj
7	caught	catch	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 things	acl:relcl
8	sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 caught	obj
9	long	long	ADV	Degree=Pos	10 ago	advmod
10	ago	ago	ADV	_	7 caught	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	form	past	They			living things			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	catch	past	living things	sunlight				ago property	vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sunlight=Theme

Option 3

They glow faintly yellow in the dark

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 glow	nsubj
2	glow	glow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	faintly	faintly	ADV	_	2 glow	advmod
4	yellow	yellow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 glow	xcomp
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 dark	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 dark	det
7	dark	dark	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 glow	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	glow	present	They			the dark		faintly, yellow property	vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in dark=Location

Option 4

They were melted together by the Sun

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 melted	nsubj
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 melted	aux:pass
3	melted	melt	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	together	together	ADV	_	3 melted	advmod
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 Sun	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 Sun	det
7	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 melted	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	melt	past · passive	the Sun	They				together property	vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient subject=Result

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/31-energy-what-makes-things-happen/t8/