Exam question 2 · Fuels, the Sun and saving energy

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises renewable sources of energy?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: renewable sources

This is exam question 2 of lesson 32 «Fuels, the Sun and saving energy» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	renewable	renewable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 sources	amod
10	sources	source	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 energy	case
12	energy	energy	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 sources	nmod
13	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		renewable sources of energy				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

They are manufactured afresh in factories each day

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 manufactured	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 manufactured	aux:pass
3	manufactured	manufacture	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	afresh	afresh	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 manufactured	xcomp
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 factories	case
6	factories	factory	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 manufactured	obl
7	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	8 day	det
8	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 manufactured	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	manufacture	present · passive		They		factories	day	afresh property	vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Result

Option 2

They may be employed on a single occasion only

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 employed	nsubj:pass
2	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 employed	aux
3	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	4 employed	aux:pass
4	employed	employ	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	on	on	ADP	_	8 occasion	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 occasion	det
7	single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 occasion	amod
8	occasion	occasion	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 employed	obl
9	only	only	ADV	_	8 occasion	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	employ	may · passive		They		a single occasion			vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

They are replenished naturally and are not depleted by use

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 replenished	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 replenished	aux:pass
3	replenished	replenish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	naturally	naturally	ADV	_	3 replenished	advmod
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 depleted	cc
6	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 depleted	aux:pass
7	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	8 depleted	advmod
8	depleted	deplete	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 replenished	conj
9	by	by	ADP	_	10 use	case
10	use	use	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 depleted	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	replenish	present · passive		They				naturally property	vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP»: subject=Destination
2	not deplete	present · passive	use						vn deprive-10.6.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 4

They are derived exclusively from the burning of coal and wood

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 derived	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 derived	aux:pass
3	derived	derive	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	_	3 derived	advmod
5	from	from	ADP	_	7 burning	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 burning	det
7	burning	burning	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 derived	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 coal	case
9	coal	coal	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 burning	nmod
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 wood	cc
11	wood	wood	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 burning	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	derive	present · passive		They		the burning of coal and wood		exclusively property	vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.material»: subject=Result from burning=Material

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/32-fuels-the-sun-and-saving-energy/e2/