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Test 8 · ★★ · Fuels, the Sun and saving energy

In a cartoon, a sledge rolls up a hill all by itself with nobody pushing. What's wrong?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: sledge, nobody · What happens: roll up, push, be · To what, where: hill, cartoon

This is test 8 · ★★ of lesson 32 «Fuels, the Sun and saving energy» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In a cartoon, a sledge rolls up a hill all by itself with nobody pushing.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 cartoon	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 cartoon	det
3	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 rolls	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 cartoon	punct
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 sledge	det
6	sledge	sledge	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 rolls	nsubj
7	rolls	roll	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	up	up	ADP	_	7 rolls	compound:prt
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 hill	det
10	hill	hill	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 rolls	obj
11	all	all	ADV	_	13 itself	advmod
12	by	by	ADP	_	13 itself	case
13	itself	itself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	7 rolls	obl
14	with	with	SCONJ	_	16 pushing	mark
15	nobody	nobody	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	16 pushing	nsubj
16	pushing	push	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	7 rolls	advcl
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 rolls	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	roll up	present	a sledge	a hill		a cartoon		by sledge	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.agent V NP.theme PP.source PP.trajectory PP.destination»: agent=Agent hill=Theme in cartoon=Source by itself=Trajectory
2	push	gerund	nobody						vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What's wrong?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 wrong	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 wrong	cop
3	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 wrong	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						wrong property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Snow pushes things uphill

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Snow	snow	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 pushes	nsubj
2	pushes	push	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	things	thing	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 pushes	obj
4	uphill	uphill	ADV	_	2 pushes	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	push	present	Snow	things				uphill property	vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Theme

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Going up a hill needs energy from something, like a push or a motor

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Going	go	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 needs	csubj
2	up	up	ADP	_	4 hill	case
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 hill	det
4	hill	hill	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Going	obl
5	needs	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	energy	energy	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 needs	obj
7	from	from	ADP	_	8 something	case
8	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	5 needs	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 push	punct
10	like	like	ADP	_	12 push	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 push	det
12	push	push	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 something	appos
13	or	or	CCONJ	_	15 motor	cc
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 motor	det
15	motor	motor	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 push	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	go up	gerund		a hill					vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V NP.extent PP.source PP.goal»: agent=Patient hill=Extent
2	need	present	Going	energy		something			vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot energy=Theme

Option 3

Nothing, sledges love going uphill

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	3 sledges	compound
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Nothing	punct
3	sledges	sledge	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 love	nsubj
4	love	love	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	going	go	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 love	xcomp
6	uphill	uphill	ADV	_	5 going	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	love	present	Nothing sledges						vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
2	go not said to happen	gerund	Nothing sledges not said here					uphill property	vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

Sledges can only go sideways

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sledges	sledge	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 go	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 go	aux
3	only	only	ADV	_	4 go	advmod
4	go	go	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	sideways	sideways	ADV	_	4 go	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	go	can	Sledges					sideways property	vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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