Exam question 2 · Levers: lifting heavy things with a little push

Ascertain the position in which a load ought to be placed in a wheelbarrow so as to minimise the effort required.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: ascertain, place, minimise, require · To what, where: position, load, effort

This is exam question 2 of lesson 33 «Levers: lifting heavy things with a little push» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 position	det
3	position	position	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ascertain	obj
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 which	case
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 placed	obl
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 load	det
7	load	load	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 placed	nsubj:pass
8	ought	ought	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	11 placed	aux
9	to	to	PART	_	11 placed	mark
10	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	11 placed	aux:pass
11	placed	place	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 position	acl:relcl
12	in	in	ADP	_	14 wheelbarrow	case
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 wheelbarrow	det
14	wheelbarrow	wheelbarrow	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 placed	obl
15	so	so	ADV	_	18 minimise	advmod
16	as	as	SCONJ	_	18 minimise	mark
17	to	to	PART	_	18 minimise	mark
18	minimise	minimise	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	11 placed	advcl
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 effort	det
20	effort	effort	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 minimise	obj
21	required	require	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	20 effort	acl
22	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here	the position			vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent position=Topic
2	place	ought · passive	you not said here	a load	the position	in a wheelbarrow	vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in which=Destination
3	minimise	to-infinitive	you not said here	the effort			tree rules
4	require	participle		the effort not said here			vn require-103-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

In close proximity to the handles

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 proximity	case
2	close	close	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 proximity	amod
3	proximity	proximity	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	to	to	ADP	_	6 handles	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 handles	det
6	handles	handle	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 proximity	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 2

Overhanging the rear of the barrow

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Overhanging	overhang	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 rear	det
3	rear	rear	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Overhanging	obj
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 barrow	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 barrow	det
6	barrow	barrow	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 rear	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	overhang	gerund		the rear of the barrow					vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme rear=Co-Theme

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

In close proximity to the wheel

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 proximity	case
2	close	close	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 proximity	amod
3	proximity	proximity	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	to	to	ADP	_	6 wheel	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 wheel	det
6	wheel	wheel	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 proximity	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 4

The position is immaterial to the effort

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 position	det
2	position	position	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 immaterial	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 immaterial	cop
4	immaterial	immaterial	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	to	to	ADP	_	7 effort	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 effort	det
7	effort	effort	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 immaterial	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the position					to the effort; immaterial property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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