Test 6 · Levers: lifting heavy things with a little push

How could ancient people move giant stones without machines?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: ancient people · What happens: move · To what, where: giant stones

This is test 6 of lesson 33 «Levers: lifting heavy things with a little push» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	How	how	ADV	PronType=Int	3 ancient	advmod
2	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 ancient	aux
3	ancient	ancient	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 people	amod
4	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 move	nsubj
5	move	move	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	giant	giant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 stones	amod
7	stones	stone	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 move	obj
8	without	without	ADP	_	9 machines	case
9	machines	machine	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 move	obl
10	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 move	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	move	present	ancient people	giant stones				without machines	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent stone=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

They melted and re-poured them

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 melted	nsubj
2	melted	melt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	4 re-poured	cc
4	re-poured	re-pour	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 melted	conj
5	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 re-poured	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	melt	past	They						vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	re-pour	past	They not said here	them = they					tree rules

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

With levers and ramps

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	With	with	ADP	_	2 levers	case
2	levers	lever	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	4 ramps	cc
4	ramps	ramp	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 levers	conj

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 3

They carried them on their heads

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 carried	nsubj
2	carried	carry	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 carried	obj
4	on	on	ADP	_	6 heads	case
5	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 heads	nmod:poss
6	heads	head	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 carried	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	carry	past	They	them = they		their heads			vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme

Option 4

They were much stronger than us

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 stronger	nsubj
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 stronger	cop
3	much	much	ADV	_	4 stronger	advmod
4	stronger	strong	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
5	than	than	ADP	_	6 us	case
6	us	we	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	4 stronger	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	They					than us; strong property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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