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Test 7 · Levers: lifting heavy things with a little push

Your hand is far from the elbow, but your muscle is fixed close to it. What does that mean?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: hand, that · What happens: be, fix, mean · To what, where: elbow, muscle

This is test 7 of lesson 33 «Levers: lifting heavy things with a little push» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Your hand is far from the elbow, but your muscle is fixed close to it.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 hand	nmod:poss
2	hand	hand	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 elbow	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 elbow	cop
4	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	7 elbow	advmod
5	from	from	ADP	_	7 elbow	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 elbow	det
7	elbow	elbow	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 fixed	punct
9	but	but	CCONJ	_	13 fixed	cc
10	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 muscle	nmod:poss
11	muscle	muscle	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 fixed	nsubj:pass
12	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 fixed	aux:pass
13	fixed	fix	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 elbow	parataxis
14	close	close	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 fixed	xcomp
15	to	to	ADP	_	16 it	case
16	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 close	obl
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 elbow	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Your hand			the elbow		far property	tree rules
2	fix	present · passive		your muscle				close property	vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: subject=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What does that mean?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 mean	obj
2	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 mean	aux
3	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	4 mean	nsubj
4	mean	mean	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 mean	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mean	present · do-support	that						vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Topic

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The muscle pulls hard, and your hand moves fast

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 muscle	det
2	muscle	muscle	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 pulls	nsubj
3	pulls	pull	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	hard	hard	ADV	Degree=Pos	3 pulls	advmod
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 moves	punct
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 moves	cc
7	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 hand	nmod:poss
8	hand	hand	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 moves	nsubj
9	moves	move	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 pulls	conj
10	fast	fast	ADV	Degree=Pos	9 moves	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pull	present	the muscle					hard property	vn slide-11.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	move	present	your hand					fast property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme

Option 2

The muscle does not need to work at all

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 muscle	det
2	muscle	muscle	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 need	nsubj
3	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 need	aux
4	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	5 need	advmod
5	need	need	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	to	to	PART	_	7 work	mark
7	work	work	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 need	xcomp
8	at	at	ADP	_	9 all	case
9	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	7 work	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not need	present · do-support	the muscle						vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme
2	work not said to happen	to-infinitive	the muscle not said here					at all	vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at all=Theme

Option 3

Your hand pushes the muscle along

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 hand	nmod:poss
2	hand	hand	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 pushes	nsubj
3	pushes	push	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 muscle	det
5	muscle	muscle	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 pushes	obj
6	along	along	ADV	_	3 pushes	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	push	present	Your hand	the muscle				along property	vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent muscle=Theme

Option 4

The muscle pulls gently, and your hand moves slowly

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 muscle	det
2	muscle	muscle	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 pulls	nsubj
3	pulls	pull	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	gently	gently	ADV	_	3 pulls	advmod
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 moves	punct
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 moves	cc
7	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 hand	nmod:poss
8	hand	hand	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 moves	nsubj
9	moves	move	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 pulls	conj
10	slowly	slowly	ADV	_	9 moves	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pull	present	the muscle					gently property	vn slide-11.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	move	present	your hand					slowly property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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