Exam question 3 · Wheels, axles, ramps and screws

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the advantage of rolling over sliding?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: advantage · What happens: follow, characteris, roll, slide · To what, where: advantage

This is exam question 3 of lesson 34 «Wheels, axles, ramps and screws» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 advantage	det
10	advantage	advantage	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	SCONJ	_	12 rolling	mark
12	rolling	roll	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 advantage	acl
13	over	over	SCONJ	_	14 sliding	mark
14	sliding	slide	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	12 rolling	advcl
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the advantage	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	roll	gerund	the advantage not said here			vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	slide	gerund	the advantage not said here			vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Rolling requires a steeper surface

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Rolling	rolling	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 requires	nsubj
2	requires	require	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 surface	det
4	steeper	steep	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	5 surface	amod
5	surface	surface	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 requires	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	require	present	Rolling	a steeper surface					vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme surface=Precondition

Option 2

Rolling eliminates the force of gravity upon the load entirely

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Rolling	rolling	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 eliminates	nsubj
2	eliminates	eliminate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 force	det
4	force	force	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 eliminates	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 gravity	case
6	gravity	gravity	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 force	nmod
7	upon	upon	ADP	_	9 load	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 load	det
9	load	load	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 eliminates	obl
10	entirely	entirely	ADV	_	2 eliminates	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	eliminate	present	Rolling	the force of gravity				upon the load; entirely property	vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent force=Patient

Option 3

Rolling increases the weight of the load

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Rolling	roll	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 increases	nsubj
2	increases	increase	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 weight	det
4	weight	weight	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 increases	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 load	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 load	det
7	load	load	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 weight	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	roll	gerund							vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	increase	present		the weight of the load					vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Causer weight=Patient

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Rolling occasions considerably less friction

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Rolling	roll	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	occasions	occasion	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Rolling	obj
3	considerably	considerably	ADV	_	4 less	advmod
4	less	less	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	5 friction	amod
5	friction	friction	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Rolling	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	roll	gerund		occasions					vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP ADJ.result»: agent=Agent occasion=Theme friction=Result

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/34-wheels-axles-ramps-and-screws/e3/