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Test 2 · ★ · Wheels, axles, ramps and screws

Sam says a steeper ramp is always better because it is shorter. What's the catch?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Sam, steeper ramp, ramp, catch · What happens: say, be · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 2 · ★ of lesson 34 «Wheels, axles, ramps and screws» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Sam says a steeper ramp is always better because it is shorter.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sam	Sam	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 says	nsubj
2	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 ramp	det
4	steeper	steep	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	5 ramp	amod
5	ramp	ramp	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 better	nsubj
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 better	cop
7	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	8 better	advmod
8	better	good	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	2 says	ccomp
9	because	because	SCONJ	_	12 shorter	mark
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 shorter	nsubj
11	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 shorter	cop
12	shorter	short	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	8 better	advcl
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Sam						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	is	present	a steeper ramp					always, good property	tree rules
3	is	present	ramp					short property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What's the catch?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	root	root
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 What	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 catch	det
4	catch	catch	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 What	nsubj
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 What	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the catch						tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

A steeper ramp is always far too slippery

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 ramp	det
2	steeper	steep	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	3 ramp	amod
3	ramp	ramp	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 slippery	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 slippery	cop
5	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	6 far	advmod
6	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	8 slippery	advmod
7	too	too	ADV	_	8 slippery	advmod
8	slippery	slippery	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	a steeper ramp					far, slippery property	tree rules

Option 2

A shorter ramp breaks more easily under weight

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 ramp	det
2	shorter	short	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	3 ramp	amod
3	ramp	ramp	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 breaks	nsubj
4	breaks	break	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	6 easily	advmod
6	easily	easily	ADV	_	4 breaks	advmod
7	under	under	ADP	_	8 weight	case
8	weight	weight	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 breaks	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	break	present	a shorter ramp			weight		easily property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme under weight=Location

Option 3

There's no catch at all, Sam is quite right

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	There	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	2 's	expl
2	's	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	4 catch	det
4	catch	catch	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 's	nsubj
5	at	at	ADP	_	6 all	case
6	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	4 catch	nmod
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 right	punct
8	Sam	Sam	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 right	nsubj
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 right	cop
10	quite	quite	ADV	_	11 right	advmod
11	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 's	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	be	present	no catch at all			there			vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	is	present	Sam					right property	tree rules

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

A steeper ramp needs a bigger push

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 ramp	det
2	steeper	steep	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	3 ramp	amod
3	ramp	ramp	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 needs	nsubj
4	needs	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 push	det
6	bigger	big	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	7 push	amod
7	push	push	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 needs	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	need	present	a steeper ramp	a bigger push					vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot push=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/34-wheels-axles-ramps-and-screws/t2/