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Test 3 · ★ · Wheels, axles, ramps and screws

A walker climbs a mountain by a zigzag path instead of straight up. What does she gain and lose?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: walker · What happens: climb, gain, lose · To what, where: mountain

This is test 3 · ★ of lesson 34 «Wheels, axles, ramps and screws» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A walker climbs a mountain by a zigzag path instead of straight up.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 walker	det
2	walker	walker	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 climbs	nsubj
3	climbs	climb	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 mountain	det
5	mountain	mountain	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 climbs	obj
6	by	by	ADP	_	9 path	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 path	det
8	zigzag	zigzag	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 path	compound
9	path	path	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 climbs	obl
10	instead	instead	ADV	_	13 up	advmod
11	of	of	ADP	_	10 instead	fixed
12	straight	straight	ADV	_	13 up	advmod
13	up	up	ADV	_	3 climbs	advmod
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 climbs	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	climb	present	a walker	a mountain				by a zigzag path	vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial_Location mountain=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What does she gain and lose?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 gain	obj
2	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 gain	aux
3	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 gain	nsubj
4	gain	gain	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 lose	cc
6	lose	lose	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 gain	conj
7	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 gain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	gain	present · do-support	walker						vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Theme
2	lose	infinitive	walker not said here						vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Each step is easier and the path is shorter

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	2 step	det
2	step	step	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 easier	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 easier	cop
4	easier	easy	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 shorter	cc
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 path	det
7	path	path	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 shorter	nsubj
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 shorter	cop
9	shorter	short	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 easier	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	each step					easy property	tree rules
2	is	present	the path					short property	tree rules

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Each step is easier, but she walks further

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	2 step	det
2	step	step	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 easier	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 easier	cop
4	easier	easy	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 walks	punct
6	but	but	CCONJ	_	8 walks	cc
7	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 walks	nsubj
8	walks	walk	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 easier	advcl
9	further	further	ADV	_	8 walks	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	each step					easy property	tree rules
2	walk	present	she					further property	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3

Each step is harder, but she walks less

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	2 step	det
2	step	step	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 harder	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 harder	cop
4	harder	hard	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 walks	punct
6	but	but	CCONJ	_	8 walks	cc
7	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 walks	nsubj
8	walks	walk	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 harder	advcl
9	less	less	ADV	Degree=Cmp	8 walks	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	each step					hard property	tree rules
2	walk	present	she					less property	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

She gains nothing and loses time

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 gains	nsubj
2	gains	gain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	2 gains	obj
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 loses	cc
5	loses	lose	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 gains	conj
6	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 loses	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	gain	present	She	nothing					vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nothing=Theme
2	lose	present	She not said here				time		vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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