Exam question 1 · Pulleys, gears and big machines

Identify the principal function of a single fixed pulley.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify, fix · To what, where: principal function

This is exam question 1 of lesson 35 «Pulleys, gears and big machines» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 function	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 function	amod
4	function	function	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	9 pulley	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 pulley	det
7	single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 pulley	amod
8	fixed	fix	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 pulley	amod
9	pulley	pulley	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 function	nmod
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal function of a single fixed pulley					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent function=Theme
2	fix	participle							vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

To increase the energy which is available to the operator

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 increase	mark
2	increase	increase	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 energy	det
4	energy	energy	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 increase	obj
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 available	nsubj
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 available	cop
7	available	available	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 energy	acl:relcl
8	to	to	ADP	_	10 operator	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 operator	det
10	operator	operator	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 available	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	increase	to-infinitive		the energy					vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Causer energy=Patient
2	is	present	the energy					to the operator; available property	tree rules

Option 2

To reduce the mass of the load

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 reduce	mark
2	reduce	reduce	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 mass	det
4	mass	mass	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 reduce	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 load	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 load	det
7	load	load	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 mass	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	reduce	to-infinitive		the mass of the load					vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer mass=Patient

Option 3

To prevent the rope from stretching

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 prevent	mark
2	prevent	prevent	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 rope	det
4	rope	rope	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 prevent	obj
5	from	from	SCONJ	_	6 stretching	mark
6	stretching	stretch	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 prevent	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	prevent	to-infinitive		the rope					vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer rope=Theme
2	stretch	gerund							vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

To alter the direction in which a force is applied

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 alter	mark
2	alter	alter	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 direction	det
4	direction	direction	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 alter	obj
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 applied	obl
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 force	det
8	force	force	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 applied	nsubj:pass
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 applied	aux:pass
10	applied	apply	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 direction	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	alter	to-infinitive		the direction					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent direction=Patient
2	apply	present · passive		a force		the direction			vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in which=Destination

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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