Test 3 · ★★ · Pulleys, gears and big machines
In a cartoon, a crane lifts a whole ship far out on its arm with no counterweight and stays perfectly upright. What's wrong?
Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: crane · What happens: lift, stay, be · To what, where: whole ship, cartoon
This is test 3 · ★★ of lesson 35 «Pulleys, gears and big machines» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: In a cartoon, a crane lifts a whole ship far out on its arm with no counterweight and stays perfectly upright.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 cartoon | case |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 cartoon | det |
| 3 | cartoon | cartoon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 lifts | obl |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 cartoon | punct |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 crane | det |
| 6 | crane | crane | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 lifts | nsubj |
| 7 | lifts | lift | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 ship | det |
| 9 | whole | whole | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 ship | amod |
| 10 | ship | ship | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 lifts | obj |
| 11 | far | far | ADV | Degree=Pos | 12 out | advmod |
| 12 | out | out | ADV | _ | 7 lifts | advcl |
| 13 | on | on | ADP | _ | 15 arm | case |
| 14 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 arm | nmod:poss |
| 15 | arm | arm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 lifts | obl |
| 16 | with | with | ADP | _ | 18 counterweight | case |
| 17 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 18 counterweight | det |
| 18 | counterweight | counterweight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 lifts | obl |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 stays | cc |
| 20 | stays | stay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 lifts | conj |
| 21 | perfectly | perfectly | ADV | _ | 22 upright | advmod |
| 22 | upright | upright | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 stays | xcomp |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 lifts | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lift | present | a crane | a whole ship | a cartoon | on crane's arm; with no counterweight | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.initial_location PP.destination»: agent=Agent ship=Theme in cartoon=Destination on arm=Initial_Location | ||
| 2 | stay | present | a crane not said here | upright property | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: What's wrong?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 3 wrong | nsubj |
| 2 | 's | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 wrong | cop |
| 3 | wrong | wrong | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 4 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 3 wrong | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | wrong property | tree rules |
The options
Option 1
Cranes can lift anything at all
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Cranes | crane | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 lift | nsubj |
| 2 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 3 lift | aux |
| 3 | lift | lift | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 4 | anything | anything | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 3 lift | obj |
| 5 | at | at | ADP | _ | 6 all | case |
| 6 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 3 lift | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lift | can | Cranes | anything | all | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent anything=Theme at all=Destination |
Option 2 · ✓ the right answer
A real crane would tip over without balance
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 crane | det |
| 2 | real | real | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 crane | amod |
| 3 | crane | crane | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 tip | nsubj |
| 4 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 5 tip | aux |
| 5 | tip | tip | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 6 | over | over | ADV | _ | 5 tip | advmod |
| 7 | without | without | ADP | _ | 8 balance | case |
| 8 | balance | balance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 tip | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | tip over | would | a real crane | without balance; over property | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
Option 3 · ← Mova's choice
Ships are lighter than air
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ships | ship | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 lighter | nsubj |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 lighter | cop |
| 3 | lighter | light | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | root | root |
| 4 | than | than | ADP | _ | 5 air | case |
| 5 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 lighter | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | Ships | than air; light property | tree rules |
Option 4
Nothing, a real crane never tips over whatever it lifts
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Nothing | nothing | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 7 tips | nsubj |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Nothing | punct |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 crane | det |
| 4 | real | real | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 crane | amod |
| 5 | crane | crane | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 tips | nsubj |
| 6 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 7 tips | advmod |
| 7 | tips | tip | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | over | over | ADV | _ | 7 tips | advmod |
| 9 | whatever | whatever | PRON | PronType=Rel | 11 lifts | obj |
| 10 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 lifts | nsubj |
| 11 | lifts | lift | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 tips | conj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not tip over | present | Nothing | over property | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | lift | present | crane | whatever | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent whatever=Theme |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/35-pulleys-gears-and-big-machines/t3/