Exam question 2 · Speed: fast and slow

Ascertain the approximate factor by which the braking distance of a vehicle increases when its speed is doubled.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, braking distance · What happens: ascertain, increase, double · To what, where: approximate factor, speed

This is exam question 2 of lesson 36 «Speed: fast and slow» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 factor	det
3	approximate	approximate	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 factor	amod
4	factor	factor	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ascertain	obj
5	by	by	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	13 increases	obl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 distance	det
8	braking	braking	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 distance	compound
9	distance	distance	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 increases	nsubj
10	of	of	ADP	_	12 vehicle	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 vehicle	det
12	vehicle	vehicle	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 distance	nmod
13	increases	increase	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 factor	acl:relcl
14	when	when	SCONJ	_	18 doubled	mark
15	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	16 speed	nmod:poss
16	speed	speed	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 doubled	nsubj:pass
17	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 doubled	aux:pass
18	doubled	double	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	13 increases	advcl
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here	the approximate factor		vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent factor=Topic
2	increase	present	the braking distance of a vehicle		by the approximate factor	vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient
3	double	present · passive		distance's speed		vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It remains unaltered

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 remains	nsubj
2	remains	remain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	unaltered	unaltered	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 remains	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	remain	present	It					unaltered property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Approximately fourfold

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Approximately	approximately	ADV	_	2 fourfold	advmod
2	fourfold	fourfold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 3

Approximately twofold

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Approximately	approximately	ADV	_	2 twofold	advmod
2	twofold	twofold	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 4

It is reduced by one half

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 reduced	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 reduced	aux:pass
3	reduced	reduce	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	6 half	case
5	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	6 half	nummod
6	half	half	NOUN	Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac	3 reduced	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	reduce	present · passive	one half	It					vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer subject=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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