Exam question 4 · Speed: fast and slow

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the use of telephones by drivers.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern, use · To what, where: response, use, telephones

This is exam question 4 of lesson 36 «Speed: fast and slow» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 use	det
11	use	use	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	13 telephones	case
13	telephones	telephone	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 use	nmod
14	by	by	ADP	_	15 drivers	case
15	drivers	driver	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 concerning	obl
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the use of telephones	by drivers	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus use=Experiencer
4	use			telephones		nom use «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It enhances the alertness of the driver

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 enhances	nsubj
2	enhances	enhance	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 alertness	det
4	alertness	alertness	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 enhances	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 driver	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 driver	det
7	driver	driver	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 alertness	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	enhance	present	It	the alertness of the driver					vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent alertness=Patient

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

It delays the reaction of the driver and so lengthens the distance travelled before braking

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 delays	nsubj
2	delays	delay	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reaction	det
4	reaction	reaction	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 delays	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 driver	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 driver	det
7	driver	driver	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 reaction	nmod
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 lengthens	cc
9	so	so	ADV	_	10 lengthens	advmod
10	lengthens	lengthen	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 delays	conj
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 distance	det
12	distance	distance	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 travelled	nsubj
13	travelled	travel	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 lengthens	ccomp
14	before	before	SCONJ	_	15 braking	mark
15	braking	brake	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	13 travelled	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	delay	present	It	the reaction of the driver	vn delay-53.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent reaction=Source
2	lengthen	present			tree rules
3	travel	past	the distance		vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	brake	gerund	the distance not said here		tree rules
5	react		the driver		nom reaction «process intransitive»: of=agent

Option 3

It causes the brakes of the vehicle to fail

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 causes	nsubj
2	causes	cause	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 brakes	det
4	brakes	brake	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 causes	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 vehicle	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 vehicle	det
7	vehicle	vehicle	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 brakes	nmod
8	to	to	PART	_	9 fail	mark
9	fail	fail	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 causes	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cause	present	It	the brakes of the vehicle					vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition brake=Patient
2	fail	to-infinitive							vn succeed-74-3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 4

It has no bearing whatsoever upon stopping distance

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 has	nsubj
2	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	4 bearing	det
4	bearing	bearing	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 has	obj
5	whatsoever	whatsoever	ADV	_	2 has	advmod
6	upon	upon	SCONJ	_	7 stopping	mark
7	stopping	stop	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 has	advcl
8	distance	distance	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 stopping	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	It	no bearing				whatsoever property	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bearing=Patient
2	stop	gerund		distance					vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality distance=Eventuality

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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