Exam question 4 · Seat belts, crashes and keeping safe

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the visibility of pedestrians to the driver of a large goods vehicle.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern · To what, where: response, visibility

This is exam question 4 of lesson 37 «Seat belts, crashes and keeping safe» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 visibility	det
11	visibility	visibility	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	13 pedestrians	case
13	pedestrians	pedestrian	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 visibility	nmod
14	to	to	ADP	_	16 driver	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 driver	det
16	driver	driver	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obl
17	of	of	ADP	_	21 vehicle	case
18	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	21 vehicle	det
19	large	large	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 goods	amod
20	goods	goods	NOUN	Number=Ptan	21 vehicle	compound
21	vehicle	vehicle	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 driver	nmod
22	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the visibility of pedestrians	to the driver of a goods vehicle	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus visibility=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Pedestrians are visible to the driver only when the vehicle is stationary

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Pedestrians	pedestrian	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 visible	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 visible	cop
3	visible	visible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	to	to	ADP	_	6 driver	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 driver	det
6	driver	driver	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 visible	obl
7	only	only	ADV	_	12 stationary	advmod
8	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	12 stationary	advmod
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 vehicle	det
10	vehicle	vehicle	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 stationary	nsubj
11	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 stationary	cop
12	stationary	stationary	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 visible	parataxis

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Pedestrians					to the driver; visible property	tree rules
2	is a	present	the vehicle	stationary					tree rules

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

If the driver's face cannot be seen in the mirror, the driver cannot see the pedestrian

The tree, 19 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	If	if	SCONJ	_	9 seen	mark
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 driver	det
3	driver	driver	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 face	nmod:poss
4	's	's	PART	_	3 driver	case
5	face	face	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 seen	nsubj:pass
6	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	9 seen	aux
7	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	9 seen	advmod
8	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	9 seen	aux:pass
9	seen	see	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	18 see	advcl
10	in	in	ADP	_	12 mirror	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 mirror	det
12	mirror	mirror	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 seen	obl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 seen	punct
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 driver	det
15	driver	driver	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 see	nsubj
16	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	18 see	aux
17	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	18 see	advmod
18	see	see	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 pedestrian	det
20	pedestrian	pedestrian	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 see	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not see a condition, not said to happen	can · passive		the driver's face		the mirror			vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus
2	not see	can	the driver	the pedestrian					vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer pedestrian=Stimulus

Option 3

The driver can at all times see any pedestrian adjacent to the cab

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 driver	det
2	driver	driver	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 see	nsubj
3	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 see	aux
4	at	at	ADP	_	6 times	case
5	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	6 times	det
6	times	time	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 see	nsubj
7	see	see	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	10 adjacent	nsubj
9	pedestrian	pedestrian	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 adjacent	amod
10	adjacent	adjacent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 see	ccomp
11	to	to	ADP	_	13 cab	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 cab	det
13	cab	cab	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 adjacent	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	see	can	the driver						vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer

Option 4

Large vehicles possess no areas concealed from the driver

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Large	large	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 vehicles	amod
2	vehicles	vehicle	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 possess	nsubj
3	possess	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	5 areas	det
5	areas	area	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 possess	obj
6	concealed	conceal	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 areas	acl
7	from	from	ADP	_	9 driver	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 driver	det
9	driver	driver	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 concealed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	possess	present	Large vehicles	no areas					vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot area=Theme
2	conceal	participle		no areas not said here				from the driver	vn concealment-16 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent from driver=Beneficiary

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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