Exam question 4 · Rockets, record speeds and motion everywhere

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the propulsion of a squid.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern, propel · To what, where: response, propulsion, squid

This is exam question 4 of lesson 38 «Rockets, record speeds and motion everywhere» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 propulsion	det
11	propulsion	propulsion	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 squid	case
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 squid	det
14	squid	squid	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 propulsion	nmod
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the propulsion of a squid		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus propulsion=Experiencer
4	propel			a squid		nom propulsion «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It is propelled by the combustion of stored fat

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 propelled	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 propelled	aux:pass
3	propelled	propel	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	6 combustion	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 combustion	det
6	combustion	combustion	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 propelled	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 fat	case
8	stored	store	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 fat	amod
9	fat	fat	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 combustion	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	propel	present · passive	the combustion of stored fat	It	tree rules
2	store	participle			vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	combust		stored fat		nom combustion «process intransitive»: of=agent

Option 2

It is propelled through the water by the rapid beating of its numerous legs

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 propelled	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 propelled	aux:pass
3	propelled	propel	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	through	through	ADP	_	6 water	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 water	det
6	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 propelled	obl
7	by	by	ADP	_	10 beating	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 beating	det
9	rapid	rapid	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 beating	amod
10	beating	beating	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 propelled	obl
11	of	of	ADP	_	14 legs	case
12	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 legs	nmod:poss
13	numerous	numerous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 legs	amod
14	legs	leg	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 beating	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	propel	present · passive	the rapid beating of beating's numerous legs	It		the water			tree rules
2	beat			beating's numerous legs					nom beating «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 3

It is carried exclusively by the currents

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 carried	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 carried	aux:pass
3	carried	carry	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	_	3 carried	advmod
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 currents	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 currents	det
7	currents	current	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 carried	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	carry	present · passive	the currents	It				exclusively property	vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

It expels a jet of water and is thereby driven in the opposite direction

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 expels	nsubj
2	expels	expel	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 jet	det
4	jet	jet	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 expels	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 water	case
6	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 jet	nmod
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 driven	cc
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 driven	aux:pass
9	thereby	thereby	ADV	_	10 driven	advmod
10	driven	drive	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 expels	conj
11	in	in	ADP	_	14 direction	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 direction	det
13	opposite	opposite	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 direction	amod
14	direction	direction	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 driven	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	expel	present	It	a jet of water					vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent jet=Theme
2	drive	present · passive				the opposite direction		thereby property	vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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