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Test 10 · Pushes and pulls: what makes things move and stop

Two equal teams pull a rope and it does not move. Is there no force at all?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Two equal teams, rope, force · What happens: pull, not move, be · To what, where: rope

This is test 10 of lesson 4 «Pushes and pulls: what makes things move and stop» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Two equal teams pull a rope and it does not move.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	3 teams	nummod
2	equal	equal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 teams	amod
3	teams	team	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 pull	nsubj
4	pull	pull	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 rope	det
6	rope	rope	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 pull	obj
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 move	cc
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 move	nsubj
9	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 move	aux
10	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	11 move	advmod
11	move	move	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 pull	conj
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 pull	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pull	present	Two equal teams	a rope					vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rope=Theme
2	not move	present · do-support	rope						vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Is there no force at all?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Is	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	there	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	1 Is	expl
3	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	4 force	det
4	force	force	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Is	nsubj
5	at	at	ADP	_	6 all	case
6	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	4 force	nmod
7	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 Is	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	be	present	no force at all			there			vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The ground under them cancels the forces out

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 ground	det
2	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 cancels	nsubj
3	under	under	ADP	_	4 them	case
4	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 ground	nmod
5	cancels	cancel	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 forces	det
7	forces	force	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 cancels	obj
8	out	out	ADV	_	5 cancels	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cancel out	present	the ground under them	the forces				out property	tree rules

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

There are big forces, but they cancel

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	There	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	2 are	expl
2	are	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 forces	amod
4	forces	force	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 are	nsubj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 cancel	punct
6	but	but	CCONJ	_	8 cancel	cc
7	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 cancel	nsubj
8	cancel	cancel	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 are	parataxis

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	does	present	big forces			there			vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	cancel	present	forces = force						tree rules

Option 3

Yes, there is no force on the rope at all

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	4 is	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	there	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	4 is	expl
4	is	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	6 force	det
6	force	force	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 is	nsubj
7	on	on	ADP	_	9 rope	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 rope	det
9	rope	rope	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 force	nmod
10	at	at	ADP	_	11 all	case
11	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	9 rope	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	be	present	no force on the rope at all			there			vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

Only the rope itself has any force in it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Only	only	ADV	_	3 rope	advmod
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 rope	det
3	rope	rope	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 has	nsubj
4	itself	itself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Emp Reflex=Yes	3 rope	nmod:unmarked
5	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	7 force	det
7	force	force	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 has	obj
8	in	in	ADP	_	9 it	case
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 has	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	the rope rope	any force		force			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent force=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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