Test 4 · Pushes and pulls: what makes things move and stop

shut up and push the trolley, it's full, why's it so hard to stop on the ramp?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, trolley · What happens: shut up, push, be, stop · To what, where: trolley, ramp

This is test 4 of lesson 4 «Pushes and pulls: what makes things move and stop» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	shut	shut	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	up	up	ADP	_	1 shut	compound:prt
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	4 push	cc
4	push	push	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	1 shut	conj
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 trolley	det
6	trolley	trolley	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 push	obj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 full	punct
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 full	nsubj
9	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 full	cop
10	full	full	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 shut	parataxis
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 why	punct
12	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	10 full	parataxis
13	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 why	cop
14	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 why	nsubj
15	so	so	ADV	_	16 hard	advmod
16	hard	hard	ADV	Degree=Pos	10 full	advmod
17	to	to	PART	_	18 stop	mark
18	stop	stop	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	16 hard	advcl
19	on	on	ADP	_	21 ramp	case
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 ramp	det
21	ramp	ramp	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 stop	obl
22	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 shut	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	shut up	imperative	you not said here				vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	push	infinitive	you not said here	the trolley			vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trolley=Theme
3	is	present	trolley			full, hard property	tree rules
4	is	present	trolley			why property	tree rules
5	stop	to-infinitive	trolley not said here		the ramp		vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

The wheels are stuck

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 wheels	det
2	wheels	wheel	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 stuck	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 stuck	cop
4	stuck	stuck	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the wheels					stuck property	tree rules

Option 2

Gravity stops on ramps

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Gravity	gravity	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 stops	nsubj
2	stops	stop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	on	on	ADP	_	4 ramps	case
4	ramps	ramp	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 stops	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stop	present	Gravity			ramps			vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality

Option 3

Ramps make trolleys heavier the further down they go

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ramps	ramp	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 make	nsubj
2	make	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	trolleys	trolley	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 make	obj
4	heavier	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	2 make	xcomp
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 further	det
6	further	far	ADV	Degree=Cmp	7 down	advmod
7	down	down	ADV	_	9 go	advmod
8	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 go	nsubj
9	go	go	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 make	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present	Ramps	trolleys				heavy property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset trolley=Product
2	go	present	Ramps = ramp					down property	vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

More stuff in it means it is harder to stop

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	More	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	2 stuff	amod
2	stuff	stuff	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 means	nsubj
3	in	in	ADP	_	4 it	case
4	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 stuff	nmod
5	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 harder	nsubj
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 harder	cop
8	harder	hard	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	5 means	ccomp
9	to	to	PART	_	10 stop	mark
10	stop	stop	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 harder	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	mean	present	More stuff in it		vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
2	is	present	it	hard property	tree rules
3	stop	to-infinitive			vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/4-pushes-and-pulls-move-and-stop/t4/