Exam question 2 · Pushes and pulls all around us

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the effect of a force applied to a sponge?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris, apply, effect · To what, where: effect, force

This is exam question 2 of lesson 5 «Pushes and pulls all around us» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 effect	det
10	effect	effect	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 force	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 force	det
13	force	force	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 effect	nmod
14	applied	apply	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	13 force	acl
15	to	to	ADP	_	17 sponge	case
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 sponge	det
17	sponge	sponge	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 applied	obl
18	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the effect of a force	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	apply	participle	a force not said here	to a sponge	vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
4	effect		a force		nom effect «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It has no effect upon a body at rest

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 has	nsubj
2	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	4 effect	det
4	effect	effect	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 has	obj
5	upon	upon	ADP	_	7 body	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 body	det
7	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 effect	nmod
8	at	at	ADP	_	9 rest	case
9	rest	rest	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 effect	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	It	no effect		rest		upon a body	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent effect=Patient

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

It alters only the speed of the sponge

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 alters	nsubj
2	alters	alter	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	only	only	ADV	_	5 speed	advmod
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 speed	det
5	speed	speed	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 alters	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 sponge	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 sponge	det
8	sponge	sponge	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 speed	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	alter	present	It	the speed of the sponge					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent speed=Patient

Option 3

It increases the mass of the sponge

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 increases	nsubj
2	increases	increase	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 mass	det
4	mass	mass	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 increases	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 sponge	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 sponge	det
7	sponge	sponge	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 mass	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	increase	present	It	the mass of the sponge					vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Causer mass=Patient

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

It alters the shape of the sponge

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 alters	nsubj
2	alters	alter	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 shape	det
4	shape	shape	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 alters	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 sponge	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 sponge	det
7	sponge	sponge	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 shape	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	alter	present	It	the shape of the sponge					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent shape=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/5-pushes-and-pulls-all-around-us/e2/