Exam question 1 · Friction: the grip that stops and helps

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the phenomenon designated friction?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: phenomenon · What happens: follow, characteris, designate · To what, where: phenomenon, friction

This is exam question 1 of lesson 6 «Friction: the grip that stops and helps» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 phenomenon	det
10	phenomenon	phenomenon	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	designated	designate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 phenomenon	acl
12	friction	friction	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 designated	obj
13	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the phenomenon	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	designate	participle	the phenomenon not said here	friction		vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent friction=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The tendency of bodies to rise in water

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 tendency	det
2	tendency	tendency	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 bodies	case
4	bodies	body	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 tendency	nmod
5	to	to	PART	_	6 rise	mark
6	rise	rise	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 tendency	acl
7	in	in	ADP	_	8 water	case
8	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 rise	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	rise	to-infinitive				water			vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in water=Location
2	tend		bodies						nom tendency «cognition intransitive»: of=agent

Option 2

The attraction of bodies towards the centre of the Earth

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 attraction	det
2	attraction	attraction	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 bodies	case
4	bodies	body	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 attraction	nmod
5	towards	towards	ADP	_	7 centre	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 centre	det
7	centre	centre	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 attraction	nmod
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 Earth	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 Earth	det
10	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 centre	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	attract			bodies				towards the centre of the Earth	nom attraction «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient towards=obl

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

The resistance to sliding between two surfaces in contact

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 resistance	det
2	resistance	resistance	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	to	to	SCONJ	_	4 sliding	mark
4	sliding	slide	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 resistance	acl
5	between	between	ADP	_	7 surfaces	case
6	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 surfaces	nummod
7	surfaces	surface	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 sliding	obl
8	in	in	ADP	_	9 contact	case
9	contact	contact	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 surfaces	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	slide	gerund				two surfaces in contact			vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme between surface=Trajectory

Option 4

The resistance of the air to all motion

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 resistance	det
2	resistance	resistance	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 air	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 air	det
5	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 resistance	nmod
6	to	to	ADP	_	8 motion	case
7	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	8 motion	det
8	motion	motion	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 resistance	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	resist			the air				to all motion	nom resistance «act transitive»: of=patient to=obl

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/6-friction-the-grip/e1/