Exam question 2 · Living with friction: oil, wheels and grip

Identify the principal advantage of a wheel over a sledge for the conveyance of heavy loads.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify, convey · To what, where: principal advantage, sledge, heavy loads

This is exam question 2 of lesson 7 «Living with friction: oil, wheels and grip» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 advantage	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 advantage	amod
4	advantage	advantage	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 wheel	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 wheel	det
7	wheel	wheel	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 advantage	nmod
8	over	over	ADP	_	10 sledge	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 sledge	det
10	sledge	sledge	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obl
11	for	for	ADP	_	13 conveyance	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 conveyance	det
13	conveyance	conveyance	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 sledge	nmod
14	of	of	ADP	_	16 loads	case
15	heavy	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 loads	amod
16	loads	load	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 conveyance	nmod
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal advantage of a wheel		a sledge for the conveyance of heavy loads			vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent advantage=Theme
2	convey			heavy loads					nom conveyance «communication transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Sliding occasions less friction than rolling

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sliding	slide	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 friction	csubj
2	occasions	occasion	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Sliding	obj
3	less	less	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 friction	amod
4	friction	friction	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	than	than	SCONJ	_	6 rolling	mark
6	rolling	roll	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 friction	acl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	slide	gerund		occasions					vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent occasion=Agent
2	roll	gerund	less friction not said here						vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2

A wheel eliminates the effect of gravity

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 wheel	det
2	wheel	wheel	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 eliminates	nsubj
3	eliminates	eliminate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 effect	det
5	effect	effect	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 eliminates	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 gravity	case
7	gravity	gravity	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 effect	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	eliminate	present	a wheel	the effect of gravity					vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent effect=Patient
2	effect			gravity					nom effect «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Rolling occasions far less friction than sliding

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Rolling	roll	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 friction	csubj
2	occasions	occasion	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Rolling	obj
3	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	4 less	advmod
4	less	less	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	5 friction	amod
5	friction	friction	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	than	than	SCONJ	_	7 sliding	mark
7	sliding	slide	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 friction	acl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	roll	gerund		occasions					vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent occasion=Agent
2	slide	gerund	less friction not said here						vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

A wheel diminishes the weight of the load considerably

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 wheel	det
2	wheel	wheel	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 diminishes	nsubj
3	diminishes	diminish	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 weight	det
5	weight	weight	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 diminishes	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 load	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 load	det
8	load	load	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 weight	nmod
9	considerably	considerably	ADV	_	3 diminishes	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	diminish	present	a wheel	the weight of the load				considerably property	vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Causer weight=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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