Test 10 · ★ · Living with friction: oil, wheels and grip

Why do skateboards spin for ages but an old cart wheel creaks to a stop?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: skateboards, old cart wheel · What happens: spin, creak

This is test 10 · ★ of lesson 7 «Living with friction: oil, wheels and grip» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	4 spin	advmod
2	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 spin	aux
3	skateboards	skateboard	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 spin	nsubj
4	spin	spin	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 ages	case
6	ages	age	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 spin	obl
7	but	but	CCONJ	_	12 creaks	cc
8	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 wheel	det
9	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 wheel	amod
10	cart	cart	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 wheel	compound
11	wheel	wheel	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 creaks	nsubj
12	creaks	creak	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 spin	conj
13	to	to	ADP	_	15 stop	case
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 stop	det
15	stop	stop	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 creaks	obl
16	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 spin	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	spin	present · do-support	skateboards				for ages		vn create-26.4-1-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent for age=Beneficiary
2	creak	present	a old cart wheel					to a stop	vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Ball bearings roll instead of rub

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ball	ball	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 bearings	compound
2	bearings	bearing	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 roll	nsubj
3	roll	roll	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	instead	instead	ADV	ExtPos=ADP	6 rub	case
5	of	of	ADP	_	4 instead	fixed
6	rub	rub	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 roll	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	roll	present	Ball bearings					instead rub	vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2

Skateboards are pulled less by gravity

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Skateboards	skateboard	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 pulled	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 pulled	aux:pass
3	pulled	pull	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	less	less	ADV	Degree=Cmp	3 pulled	advmod
5	by	by	ADP	_	6 gravity	case
6	gravity	gravity	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 pulled	obl:agent

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pull	present · passive	gravity	Skateboards				less property	vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme

Option 3

Old wood has no friction at all

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 wood	amod
2	wood	wood	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 has	nsubj
3	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	5 friction	det
5	friction	friction	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 has	obj
6	at	at	ADP	_	7 all	case
7	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	5 friction	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	Old wood	no friction		all			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent friction=Patient

Option 4

Cart wheels are heavier than skates

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Cart	cart	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 wheels	compound
2	wheels	wheel	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 heavier	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 heavier	cop
4	heavier	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
5	than	than	ADP	_	6 skates	case
6	skates	skate	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 heavier	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Cart wheels					than skates; heavy property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/7-living-with-friction/t10/