Exam question 1 · Balance: the centre of gravity

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the condition under which a body will be overturned?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris, overturn · To what, where: condition, body

This is exam question 1 of lesson 8 «Balance: the centre of gravity» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 condition	det
10	condition	condition	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	under	under	ADP	_	12 which	case
12	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	17 overturned	obl
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 body	det
14	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 overturned	nsubj:pass
15	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	17 overturned	aux
16	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	17 overturned	aux:pass
17	overturned	overturn	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 condition	acl:relcl
18	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the condition		of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	overturn	future · passive	a body	the condition		tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It is touched by any external body

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 touched	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 touched	aux:pass
3	touched	touch	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	7 body	case
5	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	7 body	det
6	external	external	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 body	amod
7	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 touched	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	touch	present · passive	any external body	It					vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme subject=Co-Theme

Option 2

Its weight is concentrated at its lowest part

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 weight	nmod:poss
2	weight	weight	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 concentrated	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 concentrated	aux:pass
4	concentrated	concentrate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	at	at	ADP	_	8 part	case
6	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 part	nmod:poss
7	lowest	low	ADJ	Degree=Sup	8 part	amod
8	part	part	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 concentrated	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	concentrate	present · passive		Its weight		weight's lowest part			tree rules

Option 3

Its height exceeds its width by any amount

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 height	nmod:poss
2	height	height	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 exceeds	nsubj
3	exceeds	exceed	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 width	nmod:poss
5	width	width	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 exceeds	obj
6	by	by	ADP	_	8 amount	case
7	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	8 amount	det
8	amount	amount	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 exceeds	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	exceed	present	Its height	height's width				by any amount	vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot width=Theme

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Its centre of gravity passes beyond the limits of its base

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 centre	nmod:poss
2	centre	centre	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 passes	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 gravity	case
4	gravity	gravity	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 centre	nmod
5	passes	pass	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	beyond	beyond	ADP	_	8 limits	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 limits	det
8	limits	limit	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 passes	obl
9	of	of	ADP	_	11 base	case
10	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 base	nmod:poss
11	base	base	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 limits	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pass	present	Its centre of gravity			the limits of centre's base			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme beyond limit=Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/8-balance-the-centre-of-gravity/e1/