Exam question 2 · Balance: the centre of gravity

Identify the principal reason for which a tightrope performer carries an elongated pole.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, tightrope performer · What happens: identify, carry, elongate · To what, where: principal reason, elongated pole

This is exam question 2 of lesson 8 «Balance: the centre of gravity» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 carries	obl
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 performer	det
8	tightrope	tightrope	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 performer	compound
9	performer	performer	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 carries	nsubj
10	carries	carry	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 reason	acl
11	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 pole	det
12	elongated	elongate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	13 pole	amod
13	pole	pole	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 carries	obj
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason		vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	carry	present	a tightrope performer	a elongated pole	for the principal reason	vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pole=Theme
3	elongate	participle				tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The pole resists rapid rotation and so affords time for correction

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 pole	det
2	pole	pole	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 resists	nsubj
3	resists	resist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	rapid	rapid	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 rotation	amod
5	rotation	rotation	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 resists	obj
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 affords	cc
7	so	so	ADV	_	8 affords	advmod
8	affords	afford	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 resists	conj
9	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 affords	obj
10	for	for	ADP	_	11 correction	case
11	correction	correction	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 affords	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	resist	present	the pole	rapid rotation					tree rules
2	afford	present	the pole not said here				time	for correction	tree rules

Option 2

The pole diminishes the weight of the performer

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 pole	det
2	pole	pole	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 diminishes	nsubj
3	diminishes	diminish	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 weight	det
5	weight	weight	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 diminishes	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 performer	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 performer	det
8	performer	performer	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 weight	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	diminish	present	the pole	the weight of the performer					vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Causer weight=Patient

Option 3

The pole conducts the performer's weight to the ground

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 pole	det
2	pole	pole	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 conducts	nsubj
3	conducts	conduct	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 performer	det
5	performer	performer	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 weight	nmod:poss
6	's	's	PART	_	5 performer	case
7	weight	weight	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 conducts	obj
8	to	to	ADP	_	10 ground	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 ground	det
10	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 conducts	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	conduct	present	the pole	the performer's weight		the ground			vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent weight=Theme to ground=Destination

Option 4

The pole is employed to propel the performer forwards

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 pole	det
2	pole	pole	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 employed	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 employed	aux:pass
4	employed	employ	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 propel	mark
6	propel	propel	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 employed	xcomp
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 performer	det
8	performer	performer	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 propel	obj
9	forwards	forwards	ADV	_	6 propel	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	employ	present · passive		the pole					vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP to be NP»: subject=Theme clause=Attribute
2	propel	to-infinitive		the performer				forwards property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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