Exam question 2 · Riding a bike: why it stays up

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the effect of a low gear upon the ascent of a hill?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris, effect · To what, where: effect, low gear

This is exam question 2 of lesson 9 «Riding a bike: why it stays up» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 effect	det
10	effect	effect	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	14 gear	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 gear	det
13	low	low	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 gear	amod
14	gear	gear	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 effect	nmod
15	upon	upon	ADP	_	17 ascent	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 ascent	det
17	ascent	ascent	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 gear	nmod
18	of	of	ADP	_	20 hill	case
19	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	20 hill	det
20	hill	hill	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 ascent	nmod
21	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the effect of a low gear upon the ascent of a hill	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	effect		a low gear upon the ascent of a hill		nom effect «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The mass of the bicycle is effectively diminished

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 mass	det
2	mass	mass	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 diminished	nsubj:pass
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 bicycle	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 bicycle	det
5	bicycle	bicycle	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 mass	nmod
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 diminished	aux:pass
7	effectively	effectively	ADV	_	8 diminished	advmod
8	diminished	diminish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	diminish	present · passive		the mass of the bicycle				effectively property	vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient

Option 2

The incline of the hill is effectively diminished

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 incline	det
2	incline	incline	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 diminished	nsubj:pass
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 hill	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 hill	det
5	hill	hill	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 incline	nmod
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 diminished	aux:pass
7	effectively	effectively	ADV	_	8 diminished	advmod
8	diminished	diminish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	diminish	present · passive		the incline of the hill				effectively property	vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient

Option 3

Each push is harder, but fewer revolutions are required

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	2 push	det
2	push	push	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 harder	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 harder	cop
4	harder	hard	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 required	punct
6	but	but	CCONJ	_	10 required	cc
7	fewer	few	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	8 revolutions	amod
8	revolutions	revolution	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 required	nsubj:pass
9	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 required	aux:pass
10	required	require	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 harder	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	each push					hard property	tree rules
2	require	present · passive		fewer revolutions					vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Precondition

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Each push is gentler, but a greater number of revolutions is required

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	2 push	det
2	push	push	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 gentler	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 gentler	cop
4	gentler	gentle	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 required	punct
6	but	but	CCONJ	_	13 required	cc
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 number	det
8	greater	great	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	9 number	amod
9	number	number	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 required	nsubj:pass
10	of	of	ADP	_	11 revolutions	case
11	revolutions	revolution	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 number	nmod
12	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 required	aux:pass
13	required	require	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 gentler	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	each push					gentle property	tree rules
2	require	present · passive		a greater number of revolutions					vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Precondition

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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