Exam question 3 · Riding a bike: why it stays up
It is given that a cyclist applies the front brake alone and with great force. Ascertain the hazard thereby occasioned.
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: cyclist, you · What happens: give, apply, ascertain, occasion · To what, where: It, front brake, hazard
This is exam question 3 of lesson 9 «Riding a bike: why it stays up» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: It is given that a cyclist applies the front brake alone and with great force.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 given | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 given | aux:pass |
| 3 | given | give | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 7 applies | mark |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 cyclist | det |
| 6 | cyclist | cyclist | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 applies | nsubj |
| 7 | applies | apply | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 given | advcl |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 brake | det |
| 9 | front | front | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 brake | amod |
| 10 | brake | brake | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 applies | obj |
| 11 | alone | alone | ADV | _ | 7 applies | advmod |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 force | cc |
| 13 | with | with | ADP | _ | 15 force | case |
| 14 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 force | amod |
| 15 | force | force | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 alone | conj |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 given | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | give | present · passive | It | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 2 | apply | present | a cyclist | the front brake | alone property | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent brake=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Ascertain the hazard thereby occasioned.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ascertain | ascertain | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 hazard | det |
| 3 | hazard | hazard | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Ascertain | obj |
| 4 | thereby | thereby | ADV | _ | 5 occasioned | advmod |
| 5 | occasioned | occasion | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 hazard | acl |
| 6 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Ascertain | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ascertain | imperative | you not said here | the hazard | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hazard=Topic | ||||
| 2 | occasion | participle | the hazard not said here | thereby property | tree rules |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
The pedals may be caused to rotate in reverse
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 pedals | det |
| 2 | pedals | pedal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 caused | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 5 caused | aux |
| 4 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 5 caused | aux:pass |
| 5 | caused | cause | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | to | to | PART | _ | 7 rotate | mark |
| 7 | rotate | rotate | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 caused | xcomp |
| 8 | in | in | ADP | _ | 9 reverse | case |
| 9 | reverse | reverse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 rotate | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cause | may · passive | the pedals | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | rotate | to-infinitive | the pedals not said here | reverse | vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in reverse=Location |
Option 2 · ✓ the right answer
The rider may be projected over the handlebars
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 rider | det |
| 2 | rider | rider | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 projected | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 5 projected | aux |
| 4 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 5 projected | aux:pass |
| 5 | projected | project | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | over | over | ADP | _ | 8 handlebars | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 handlebars | det |
| 8 | handlebars | handlebar | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 projected | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | project | may · passive | the rider | the handlebars | vn put_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme over handlebar=Destination |
Option 3
The rear wheel may be inflated beyond its limit
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 wheel | det |
| 2 | rear | rear | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 wheel | amod |
| 3 | wheel | wheel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 inflated | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 6 inflated | aux |
| 5 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 6 inflated | aux:pass |
| 6 | inflated | inflate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 7 | beyond | beyond | ADP | _ | 9 limit | case |
| 8 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 limit | nmod:poss |
| 9 | limit | limit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 inflated | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | inflate | may · passive | the rear wheel | beyond wheel's limit | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |
Option 4
The frame may be rendered incapable of steering
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 frame | det |
| 2 | frame | frame | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 rendered | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 5 rendered | aux |
| 4 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 5 rendered | aux:pass |
| 5 | rendered | render | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | incapable | incapable | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 rendered | obj |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 steering | case |
| 8 | steering | steering | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 incapable | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | render | may · passive | the frame | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Recipient incapable=Theme |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/9-riding-a-bike/e3/