Test 10 · ★★ · Riding a bike: why it stays up

Why do skilled riders sit back on steep downhill slopes?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: skilled riders · What happens: do, sit back · To what, where: steep downhill slopes

This is test 10 · ★★ of lesson 9 «Riding a bike: why it stays up» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	2 do	advmod
2	do	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 sit	advcl
3	skilled	skilled	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 riders	amod
4	riders	rider	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 sit	nsubj
5	sit	sit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	back	back	ADV	_	5 sit	advmod
7	on	on	ADP	_	10 slopes	case
8	steep	steep	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 slopes	amod
9	downhill	downhill	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 slopes	amod
10	slopes	slope	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 sit	obl
11	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 sit	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	do	present	skilled riders not said here						vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	sit back	present	skilled riders			steep downhill slopes			vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on slope=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It makes the brakes cooler

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 makes	nsubj
2	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 brakes	det
4	brakes	brake	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 makes	obj
5	cooler	cool	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	2 makes	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present	It	the brakes				cool property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material brake=Product

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

It keeps their weight from tipping over the front

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 keeps	nsubj
2	keeps	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 weight	nmod:poss
4	weight	weight	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 keeps	obj
5	from	from	SCONJ	_	6 tipping	mark
6	tipping	tip	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Ger	2 keeps	advcl
7	over	over	ADP	_	9 front	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 front	det
9	front	front	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 tipping	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	keep	present	It	their weight					vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent weight=Theme
2	tip	gerund				the front			vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent over front=Destination

Option 3

It makes them faster

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 makes	nsubj
2	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 makes	obj
4	faster	fast	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	2 makes	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present	It	them = they				fast property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material they=Product

Option 4

It makes the hill less steep

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 makes	nsubj
2	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 hill	det
4	hill	hill	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 makes	obj
5	less	less	ADV	Degree=Cmp	6 steep	advmod
6	steep	steep	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 makes	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present	It	the hill				steep property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material hill=Product

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/9-riding-a-bike/t10/