Exam question 2 · US elections and the president, as reported

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the outcome of the presidential election of 2016, as reported?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris, report · To what, where: outcome

This is exam question 2 of lesson 16 «US elections and the president, as reported» of the politics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 reported	advcl
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 outcome	det
10	outcome	outcome	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	14 election	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 election	det
13	presidential	presidential	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 election	amod
14	election	election	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 outcome	nmod
15	of	of	ADP	_	16 2016	case
16	2016	2016	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	14 election	nmod
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 reported	punct
18	as	as	SCONJ	_	19 reported	mark
19	reported	report	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
20	?	?	PUNCT	_	19 reported	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the outcome of the presidential election of 2016	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	report	participle			vn characterize-29.2-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The candidate who received the most popular votes also secured the most electors, as had occurred in every previous election

The tree, 20 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 candidate	det
2	candidate	candidate	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 secured	nsubj
3	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	4 received	nsubj
4	received	receive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 candidate	acl:relcl
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 votes	det
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 popular	advmod
7	popular	popular	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 votes	amod
8	votes	vote	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 received	obj
9	also	also	ADV	_	10 secured	advmod
10	secured	secure	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 electors	det
12	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	13 electors	amod
13	electors	elector	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 secured	obj
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 occurred	punct
15	as	as	SCONJ	_	17 occurred	mark
16	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	17 occurred	aux
17	occurred	occur	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	10 secured	conj
18	in	in	ADP	_	21 election	case
19	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	21 election	det
20	previous	previous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 election	amod
21	election	election	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 occurred	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	receive	past	the candidate	the popular votes		vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vote=Theme
2	secure	past	the candidate	the most electors		vn ensure-99 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition elector=Theme
3	occur	past · perfect	the candidate not said here		every previous election	vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in election=Location

Option 2

The election was decided by a referendum

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 election	det
2	election	election	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 decided	nsubj:pass
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 decided	aux:pass
4	decided	decide	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 referendum	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 referendum	det
7	referendum	referendum	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 decided	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	decide	past · passive	a referendum	the election					vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent subject=Topic

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

One candidate received approximately three million more popular votes, whereas the other secured a majority of electors

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	One	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	2 candidate	nummod
2	candidate	candidate	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 received	nsubj
3	received	receive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	approximately	approximately	ADV	_	6 million	advmod
5	three	three	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	6 million	compound
6	million	million	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	9 votes	nummod
7	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	8 popular	advmod
8	popular	popular	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 votes	amod
9	votes	vote	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 received	obj
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 secured	punct
11	whereas	whereas	SCONJ	_	14 secured	mark
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 other	det
13	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 secured	nsubj
14	secured	secure	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 received	conj
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 majority	det
16	majority	majority	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 secured	obj
17	of	of	ADP	_	18 electors	case
18	electors	elector	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 majority	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	receive	past	One candidate	million popular votes					vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vote=Theme
2	secure	past	the other	a majority of electors					vn ensure-99 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition majority=Theme

Option 4

No candidate secured any electors

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	DET	PronType=Neg	2 candidate	det
2	candidate	candidate	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 secured	nsubj
3	secured	secure	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	5 electors	det
5	electors	elector	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 secured	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	secure	past	no candidate	any electors					vn ensure-99 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition elector=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/politics/16-us-elections-and-the-president-as-reported/e2/