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Test 4 · ★★ · Immigration and borders

"If he broke the rules, he has to go" says a boy, while a girl cries about her uncle. Why is this so hard to argue about?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: he, boy, girl, this · What happens: break, have, go, say, cry, be · To what, where: rules · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 4 · ★★ of lesson 19 «Immigration and borders» of the politics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: "If he broke the rules, he has to go" says a boy, while a girl cries about her uncle.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	4 broke	punct
2	If	if	SCONJ	_	4 broke	mark
3	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 broke	nsubj
4	broke	break	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	13 says	ccomp
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 rules	det
6	rules	rule	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 broke	obj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 has	punct
8	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 has	nsubj
9	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 broke	conj
10	to	to	PART	_	11 go	mark
11	go	go	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 has	xcomp
12	"	"	PUNCT	_	9 has	punct
13	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 boy	det
15	boy	boy	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 says	obj
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 cries	punct
17	while	while	SCONJ	_	20 cries	mark
18	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	19 girl	det
19	girl	girl	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 cries	nsubj
20	cries	cry	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 says	conj
21	about	about	ADP	_	23 uncle	case
22	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	23 uncle	nmod:poss
23	uncle	uncle	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 cries	obl
24	.	.	PUNCT	_	13 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	break a condition, not said to happen, in a quote	past	he	the rules					vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer rule=Patient
2	have in a quote	present	he						tree rules
3	go in a quote	to-infinitive	he not said here						vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	say speech: assert	present	a boy						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
5	cry speech: express	present	a girl					about girl's uncle	vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about uncle=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Why is this so hard to argue about?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	5 hard	advmod
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 hard	cop
3	this	this	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	5 hard	nsubj
4	so	so	ADV	_	5 hard	advmod
5	hard	hard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	to	to	PART	_	7 argue	mark
7	argue	argue	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 hard	xcomp
8	about	about	ADP	_	7 argue	obl
9	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 hard	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	this					hard property	tree rules
2	argue speech: disagree	to-infinitive	this not said here						vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Rules never matter when somebody is sad

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Rules	rule	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 matter	nsubj
2	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	3 matter	advmod
3	matter	matter	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	when	when	SCONJ	_	7 sad	mark
5	somebody	somebody	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	7 sad	nsubj
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 sad	cop
7	sad	sad	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 matter	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not matter	present	Rules						vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus
2	is	present	somebody					sad property	tree rules

Option 2

The girl is always wrong because crying is not an argument

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 girl	det
2	girl	girl	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 wrong	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 wrong	cop
4	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	5 wrong	advmod
5	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	because	because	SCONJ	_	11 argument	mark
7	crying	cry	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	11 argument	nsubj
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 argument	cop
9	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	11 argument	advmod
10	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 argument	det
11	argument	argument	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 wrong	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the girl					always, wrong property	tree rules
2	cry speech: express	gerund							vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	not is a	present		a argument					tree rules

Option 3

The boy is always wrong because rules do not matter

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 boy	det
2	boy	boy	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 wrong	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 wrong	cop
4	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	5 wrong	advmod
5	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	because	because	SCONJ	_	10 matter	mark
7	rules	rule	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 matter	nsubj
8	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 matter	aux
9	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	10 matter	advmod
10	matter	matter	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 wrong	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the boy					always, wrong property	tree rules
2	not matter	present · do-support	rules						vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

A rule and a family can both be real

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 rule	det
2	rule	rule	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 real	nsubj
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 family	cc
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 family	det
5	family	family	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 rule	conj
6	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	9 real	aux
7	both	both	ADV	_	9 real	advmod
8	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	9 real	cop
9	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	can	a rule and a family					both, real property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/politics/19-immigration-and-borders/t4/