Exam question 4 · Why wars happen and why they are hard to stop; the UN and…

Select the response consistent with the established principle of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: select, establish · To what, where: response

This is exam question 4 of lesson 23 «Why wars happen and why they are hard to stop; the UN and NATO» of the politics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 response	amod
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 principle	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 principle	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 principle	amod
8	principle	principle	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 consistent	obl
9	of	of	ADP	_	14 Organization	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 Organization	det
11	North	North	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 Atlantic	compound
12	Atlantic	Atlantic	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 Organization	compound
13	Treaty	Treaty	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 Organization	compound
14	Organization	Organization	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 principle	nmod
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response					vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle							vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Each member is obliged to attack its neighbours upon instruction

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	2 member	det
2	member	member	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 obliged	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 obliged	aux:pass
4	obliged	oblige	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 attack	mark
6	attack	attack	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 obliged	xcomp
7	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 neighbours	nmod:poss
8	neighbours	neighbour	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 attack	obj
9	upon	upon	ADP	_	10 instruction	case
10	instruction	instruction	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 attack	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	oblige	present · passive		each member					vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: subject=Patient clause=Result
2	attack	to-infinitive		member's neighbours				upon instruction	vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent neighbour=Patient

Option 2

Members are required to withdraw from the United Nations

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Members	member	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 required	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 required	aux:pass
3	required	require	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 withdraw	mark
5	withdraw	withdraw	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 required	xcomp
6	from	from	ADP	_	9 Nations	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 Nations	det
8	United	United	PROPN	_	9 Nations	compound
9	Nations	Nation	PROPN	Number=Plur	5 withdraw	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	require	present · passive		Members					vn order-58.3-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic
2	withdraw	to-infinitive				the United Nations			vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from nation=Initial_Location

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

An armed attack upon one member shall be regarded as an attack upon all

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	An	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 attack	det
2	armed	armed	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 attack	amod
3	attack	attack	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 regarded	nsubj:pass
4	upon	upon	ADP	_	6 member	case
5	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	6 member	nummod
6	member	member	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 attack	nmod
7	shall	shall	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	9 regarded	aux
8	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	9 regarded	aux:pass
9	regarded	regard	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
10	as	as	ADP	_	12 attack	case
11	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 attack	det
12	attack	attack	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 regarded	obl
13	upon	upon	ADP	_	14 all	case
14	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	9 regarded	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	regard	shall · passive		a armed attack upon one member				as a attack; upon all	vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP PP.value»: subject=Theme as attack=Value

Option 4

Membership is restricted to countries situated in Asia and Africa

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Membership	membership	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 restricted	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 restricted	aux:pass
3	restricted	restrict	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	to	to	ADP	_	5 countries	case
5	countries	country	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 restricted	obl
6	situated	situate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 countries	acl
7	in	in	ADP	_	8 Asia	case
8	Asia	Asia	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 situated	obl
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 Africa	cc
10	Africa	Africa	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 Asia	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	restrict	present · passive		Membership				to countries goal	vn limit-76 «NP V NP S_ING»: subject=Patient to country=Goal
2	situate	participle		countries not said here		Asia and Africa			vn put-9.1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in asia=Destination

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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